Acute Respiratory Infection
Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a general term for short-term infections that occur along the respiratory tract, including both upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) affecting areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). The vast majority of ARIs are viral, although they can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, or helminths in less common cases, and can range from mild to severe, sometimes impairing normal breathing and requiring medical attention.
Health Outcomes
- Absence of Antibiotic Resistance
- Accelerated Recovery of B Cell-Mediated Respiratory Immunity
- Achieved Clinical Cure
- Altered Innate Immune Response
- Changed Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Diversity
- Co-Aggregation with Pathogens
- Colonization of Nasopharynx or Adenoid Tissue
- Decreased Oxygenated Hemoglobin Level
- Elevated Antipneumococcal IgA Levels in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- Enhanced Antipneumococcal IgA Levels in BAL
- Enhanced CD8+ T Cell Recruitment
- Enhanced Disease Resistance
- Enhanced IgA Response
- Enhanced Immune System
- Enhanced Immunity to Pneumococcal Infections
- Enhanced Immunological Defense Against Respiratory Viral Infections
- Enhanced Innate Antiviral Immune Response
- Enhanced Innate Immune Function
- Enhanced Mucosal Immune Function
- Enhanced Non-specific Immune Defense
- Enhanced Phagocytic Capacity of Polymorphonuclear Phagocytes
- Enhanced Phagocytosis by Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
- Enhanced Pulmonary Immune Response
- Enhanced Resistance to Infections
- Enhanced Respiratory Burst Activity
- Enhanced Survival Under Stress
- Improved Airway Immune Response
- Improved Airway Mucosa Condition
- Improved Anti-infection Response
- Improved Arterial Oxygen Partial Pressure
- Improved Arterial Oxygen Saturation
- Improved Bactericidal Function of Phagocytic Cells
- Improved Clinical Cure Rate
- Improved Clinical Protection Against Viral Challenge
- Improved Clinical Symptoms
- Improved Cure Rate
- Improved Cure Rate on Day 3
- Improved Cure Rate on Day Four
- Improved Defense Mechanism Recovery
- Improved Disease Resolution
- Improved Effective Rate
- Improved Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second
- Improved Global Assessment
- Improved Health in Breastfed Infants
- Improved Innate Immunity
- Improved Leukocyte Recruitment
- Improved Lung Injury Outcomes
- Improved Natural Killer Cell Function
- Improved Nonspecific Humoral Response
- Improved Oxygenation Index
- Improved Perceived Recovery
- Improved Recovery
- Improved Resistance to Common Cold
- Improved Resistance to Pneumococcal Infection
- Improved Resistance to RSV Infection
- Improved Respiratory Humoral Response
- Improved Respiratory Infection Resistance
- Improved Respiratory Innate Immune Response
- Improved Respiratory Mucosal Barrier Function
- Improved Respiratory Tract Health
- Improved Response
- Improved Serum Immunity
- Improved Symptom Resolution
- Improved Total Effectiveness Rating
- Improved Vaccine-Specific Secretory IgA Levels in Saliva
- Increased Anti-Pneumococcal Antibody Levels
- Increased Anti-Viral Factor Expression in Lung
- Increased Antibiotic Susceptibility
- Increased Antibiotic Use
- Increased Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin A
- Increased Body Temperature
- Increased Days Without Illness
- Increased Fever
- Increased Fever-Free Days
- Increased Granulocyte Count
- Increased Incidence of Upper Respiratory Symptoms
- Increased Incidence of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
- Increased Interferon Production
- Increased Post-Infection Lung Monocyte Levels
- Increased Resistance to Pneumococcal Infections
- Increased Respiratory Burst Activity
- Increased Sepsis
- Increased Time to First Acute Otitis Media Episode
- Increased White Blood Cell Count
- Induced Antigen-Specific Protective Mucosal Immune Response
- Inhibition of RSV Replication
- Maintained Higher Salivary Immunoglobulin A Levels
- Modulated Pulmonary Innate Immune Response
- Modulated Upper Airway Immune Response
- Modulation of Pulmonary Innate Immune Function
- Nasopharyngeal Colonization
- No Change in Blood-Culture Confirmed Sepsis
- No Effect on Staphylococcus aureus
- No Long-Term Impact on Gut Microbiota
- No Reduction in Antibiotic Use
- No Significant Reduction in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- Protection Against Impact of IoNPs
- Reduced Acute Otitis Media
- Reduced Acute Respiratory Infection
- Reduced Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Incidence
- Reduced Antibiotic Duration
- Reduced Antibiotic Usage
- Reduced Antibiotic Use Due to Infections
- Reduced Antibiotic or Antiviral Prescription
- Reduced Antimicrobial Use
- Reduced Bacterial Load in Lungs
- Reduced Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure
- Reduced Cervical Lymphadenopathy Frequency
- Reduced Child School Absences
- Reduced Cold/Flu Medication Use
- Reduced Cold/Flu Severity
- Reduced Common Cold Incidence in Susceptible Populations
- Reduced Cough Severity
- Reduced Day Care Absenteeism Due to Infections
- Reduced Days with Runny Nose Symptoms
- Reduced Duration of Antipyretic Therapy
- Reduced Duration of Nasal Symptoms
- Reduced Duration of Respiratory Tract Infection Episode
- Reduced Duration of Respiratory Tract Infections
- Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms
- Reduced Episode Duration
- Reduced Febrile Flares
- Reduced Fever
- Reduced Fever Duration During CID
- Reduced Fever Incidence
- Reduced Fever Resolution Time
- Reduced Illness Day
- Reduced Impact of Rhinovirus Infection
- Reduced Incidence of Cold/Flu Days
- Reduced Incidence of Colds
- Reduced Incidence of Common Infections
- Reduced Incidence of Infections
- Reduced Incidence of Influenza-like Illness
- Reduced Incidence of Respiratory Illness
- Reduced Infant Infections
- Reduced Infection Incidence
- Reduced Infection Rate
- Reduced Infection Risk
- Reduced Infectious Complication
- Reduced Intensive Care Unit Stay
- Reduced Local Immunoglobulin Production
- Reduced Lower Respiratory Infection
- Reduced Lung Viral Proliferation
- Reduced Lung Viral Titers
- Reduced Lung Viral Titers After Influenza
- Reduced Mean Number of Infections per Child
- Reduced Mortality Post-Infection
- Reduced Mortality Rate During Pathogen Challenge
- Reduced NO Secretion Induced by LPS
- Reduced Nasal Colonization
- Reduced Nasal Congestion
- Reduced Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Diversity
- Reduced Nasopharyngeal Moraxella Abundance
- Reduced Need for Intubation or Ventilation
- Reduced Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio
- Reduced Nontransferable Antibiotic Resistance
- Reduced Otitis Media Episode Incidence
- Reduced Oxygen Requirement
- Reduced Parental Absenteeism from Work
- Reduced Pathogenic Colonies
- Reduced Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Stay
- Reduced Postinfective Symptoms
- Reduced Pulmonary Free-CML
- Reduced RSV Replication
- Reduced RSV Titre in Lung
- Reduced Recovery Time
- Reduced Respiratory Infections
- Reduced Respiratory Pathogen Load
- Reduced Rhinovirus Nasal Lavage Titer
- Reduced Risk of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection
- Reduced Risk of Prolonged Respiratory Infections
- Reduced SOFA Score
- Reduced School Absenteeism Due to Infectious Diseases
- Reduced Sepsis Incidence
- Reduced Severity of Lung Injuries
- Reduced Short-term Mortality
- Reduced Shortness of Breath
- Reduced Sick Leave Days
- Reduced Sore Throat
- Reduced Streptococcus pneumoniae in Lung
- Reduced Symptom Duration
- Reduced Time to Crisis Resolution
- Reduced Time to On Stage
- Reduced Time to Symptom Resolution
- Reduced Total Illness Day
- Reduced Tracheitis
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Infection Incidence
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Severity
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Duration
- Reduced Viral Illness Episode
- Reduced Viral Load in Epithelial Cells
- Reduced Virus Titers in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- Shortened Treatment Course
- Unchanged Severity of URTI
- Upper Respiratory Tract Colonization
- White Blood Cell Count