Acute Respiratory Infection
Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a general term for short-term infections that occur along the respiratory tract, including both upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) affecting areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). The vast majority of ARIs are viral, although they can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, or helminths in less common cases, and can range from mild to severe, sometimes impairing normal breathing and requiring medical attention.
Health Outcomes
- Absence of Antibiotic Resistance
- Accelerated Recovery of B Cell-Mediated Respiratory Immunity
- Altered Innate Immune Response
- Co-Aggregation with Pathogens
- Colonization of Nasopharynx or Adenoid Tissue
- Decreased Oxygenated Hemoglobin Level
- Elevated Antipneumococcal IgA Levels in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- Enhanced Antipneumococcal IgA Levels in BAL
- Enhanced CD8+ T Cell Recruitment
- Enhanced Disease Resistance
- Enhanced IgA Response
- Enhanced Immune System
- Enhanced Immunity to Pneumococcal Infections
- Enhanced Immunological Defense Against Respiratory Viral Infections
- Enhanced Innate Antiviral Immune Response
- Enhanced Innate Immune Function
- Enhanced Mucosal Immune Function
- Enhanced Non-specific Immune Defense
- Enhanced Phagocytic Capacity of Polymorphonuclear Phagocytes
- Enhanced Phagocytosis by Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
- Enhanced Pulmonary Immune Response
- Enhanced Resistance to Infections
- Enhanced Respiratory Burst Activity
- Enhanced Survival Under Stress
- Improved Airway Immune Response
- Improved Airway Mucosa Condition
- Improved Anti-infection Response
- Improved Bactericidal Function of Phagocytic Cells
- Improved Clinical Protection Against Viral Challenge
- Improved Cure Rate
- Improved Cure Rate on Day 3
- Improved Cure Rate on Day Four
- Improved Defense Mechanism Recovery
- Improved Disease Resolution
- Improved Global Assessment
- Improved Health in Breastfed Infants
- Improved Innate Immunity
- Improved Leukocyte Recruitment
- Improved Lung Injury Outcomes
- Improved Natural Killer Cell Function
- Improved Nonspecific Humoral Response
- Improved Oxygenation Index
- Improved Perceived Recovery
- Improved Resistance to Common Cold
- Improved Resistance to Pneumococcal Infection
- Improved Resistance to RSV Infection
- Improved Respiratory Humoral Response
- Improved Respiratory Infection Resistance
- Improved Respiratory Innate Immune Response
- Improved Respiratory Mucosal Barrier Function
- Improved Respiratory Tract Health
- Improved Response
- Improved Serum Immunity
- Improved Symptom Resolution
- Improved Symptom Resolution Rate
- Improved Vaccine-Specific Secretory IgA Levels in Saliva
- Increased Anti-Pneumococcal Antibody Levels
- Increased Anti-Viral Factor Expression in Lung
- Increased Antibiotic Susceptibility
- Increased Antibiotic Use
- Increased Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin A
- Increased Body Temperature
- Increased Days Without Illness
- Increased Fever
- Increased Fever-Free Days
- Increased Granulocyte Count
- Increased Incidence of Upper Respiratory Symptoms
- Increased Incidence of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
- Increased Interferon Production
- Increased Post-Infection Lung Monocyte Levels
- Increased Resistance to Pneumococcal Infections
- Increased Respiratory Burst Activity
- Increased Sepsis
- Induced Antigen-Specific Protective Mucosal Immune Response
- Inhibition of RSV Replication
- Maintained Higher Salivary Immunoglobulin A Levels
- Modulated Pulmonary Innate Immune Response
- Modulated Upper Airway Immune Response
- Modulation of Pulmonary Innate Immune Function
- Nasopharyngeal Colonization
- No Change in Blood-Culture Confirmed Sepsis
- No Effect on Staphylococcus aureus
- No Long-Term Impact on Gut Microbiota
- No Reduction in Antibiotic Use
- No Significant Reduction in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
- Protection Against Impact of IoNPs
- Reduced Acute Otitis Media
- Reduced Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Incidence
- Reduced Antibiotic Duration
- Reduced Antibiotic Usage
- Reduced Antibiotic Use Due to Infections
- Reduced Antimicrobial Use
- Reduced Bacterial Load in Lungs
- Reduced Cervical Lymphadenopathy Frequency
- Reduced Cold/Flu Medication Use
- Reduced Cold/Flu Severity
- Reduced Common Cold Incidence in Susceptible Populations
- Reduced Community-Acquired Infection
- Reduced Day Care Absenteeism Due to Infections
- Reduced Days with Runny Nose Symptoms
- Reduced Duration of Antipyretic Therapy
- Reduced Duration of Hospitalization
- Reduced Duration of Nasal Symptoms
- Reduced Duration of Respiratory Infection
- Reduced Duration of Respiratory Tract Infection Episode
- Reduced Duration of Respiratory Tract Infections
- Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms
- Reduced Episode Duration
- Reduced Febrile Flares
- Reduced Fever
- Reduced Fever Duration During CID
- Reduced ICU Length of Stay
- Reduced Impact of Rhinovirus Infection
- Reduced Incidence of Cold/Flu Days
- Reduced Incidence of Colds
- Reduced Incidence of Common Infections
- Reduced Incidence of Infections
- Reduced Incidence of Influenza-like Illness
- Reduced Incidence of Respiratory Illness
- Reduced Infant Infections
- Reduced Infection Incidence
- Reduced Infection Rate
- Reduced Intensive Care Unit Stay
- Reduced Length of Intensive Care Unit Stay
- Reduced Local Immunoglobulin Production
- Reduced Lower Respiratory Infection
- Reduced Lung Viral Proliferation
- Reduced Lung Viral Titers
- Reduced Lung Viral Titers After Influenza
- Reduced Mean Number of Infections per Child
- Reduced Mechanical Ventilation Duration
- Reduced Morbidity
- Reduced Mortality Post-Infection
- Reduced Mortality Rate During Pathogen Challenge
- Reduced NO Secretion Induced by LPS
- Reduced Nasal Colonization
- Reduced Nasal Congestion
- Reduced Need for Intubation or Ventilation
- Reduced Nontransferable Antibiotic Resistance
- Reduced Otitis Media Episode Incidence
- Reduced Oxygen Requirement
- Reduced Parental Absenteeism from Work
- Reduced Pathogenic Colonies
- Reduced Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Stay
- Reduced Postinfective Symptoms
- Reduced Pulmonary Free-CML
- Reduced RSV Replication
- Reduced RSV Titre in Lung
- Reduced Recovery Time
- Reduced Respiratory Infections
- Reduced Respiratory Pathogen Load
- Reduced Respiratory Tract Infection Episode
- Reduced Rhinovirus Nasal Lavage Titer
- Reduced Risk of Prolonged Respiratory Infections
- Reduced SOFA Score
- Reduced School Absenteeism Due to Infectious Diseases
- Reduced Sepsis Incidence
- Reduced Severity of Lung Injuries
- Reduced Short-term Mortality
- Reduced Sick Leave Days
- Reduced Streptococcus pneumoniae in Lung
- Reduced Symptom Duration
- Reduced Time to Crisis Resolution
- Reduced Time to Symptom Resolution
- Reduced Tracheitis
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Infection
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Duration
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Severity
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptom Severity
- Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Duration
- Reduced Viral Load in Epithelial Cells
- Reduced Virus Titers in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- Shortened Treatment Course
- Unchanged Severity of URTI
- Upper Respiratory Tract Colonization
- White Blood Cell Count