3 Insights on

• Unchanged Caries Occurrence
• Increased Occurrence of Dental Caries
• Occurrence of Dental Caries

5 Insights on

• Reduced Nosocomial Infections
• Reduced Incidence of Nosocomial Infections
• Reduced Nosocomial Infection Rate
• Reduced Hospitalization Duration
• Reduced Duration of Nosocomial Infections

2 Insights on

• Increased Thyroid Autoimmunity
• Preserved Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function

20 Insights on

• Improved Immune Function
• Reduced Severity of Common Cold Symptoms
• Improved T Helper Cell Count
• Improved Immune Response
• Reduced Duration of Common Cold
• Reduced Duration of Common Cold Episodes
• Increased CD8+ T Cells
• Reduced Fever Duration
• Enhanced Immune System Function
• Reduced Symptom Severity
• Increased CD4+ T Cell Count
• Improved Cellular Immune Response
• Enhanced Cytotoxic T Suppressor Cells (CD8+)
• Enhanced Immune Cell Activity
• Reduced Cold Symptoms
• Enhanced CD4+ Immune Response
• Increased Gut Microbiota
• Enhanced CD8+ Immune Response
• Enhanced Immune Function
• Reduced Fever Duration During Common Cold

15 Insights on

• Reduced Incidence of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
• Improved Immune Function
• Improved Regulatory T Cell Function
• Reduced URTI Symptoms
• Increased IL-2 Secretion
• Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Severity
• Improved NK-Cell Cytotoxicity
• Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
• Unchanged Immune Function
• No Change in Immune Outcomes
• Reduced Upper Respiratory Symptoms
• Improved Immune Cell Function
• Reduced Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Days
• Reduced Upper Respiratory Infections
• No Change in Immune Response

1 Insight on

• Enhanced Antipathogenic Activity

1 Insight on

• Increased Stool Frequency

3 Insights on

• Reduced Bifidobacterium longum
• Altered Bifidobacterium Population Dynamics
• Transient Replacement of Native Bifidobacterium longum

7 Insights on

• Enhanced Growth of Bifidobacteria
• Modulation of Microbiota Activity
• Enhanced Infant Gut Microbiota by Bifidobacterium lactis
• Increased Bifidobacterial Growth
• Improved Microbiota Activity
• Enhanced Bifidobacterial Growth
• Increased Microbiota Engraftment

14 Insights on

• Improved Immune Function
• Improved Natural Killer Cell Function
• Increased Immunoglobulin G1 Levels
• Elevated Interleukin-12 Levels
• Increased IFN-γ Concentration
• Improved Natural Killer Cell Activity
• Increased Serum Interferon Gamma Levels
• Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Activity
• Elevated Immunoglobulin G1 Levels
• Elevated IgG1 Levels
• Increased IFN-γ Levels
• Improved Immune Cell Function
• Increased Interferon-Gamma Levels
• Elevated Serum IFN-γ Levels

9 Insights on

• Reduced TLR-2 Expression on CD14+HLA-DR+ Cells
• Reduced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Secretion
• Reduced Inflammatory Marker Protein Levels
• Reduced TLR-2 Expression on Monocytes
• Reduced TNF-α Secretion
• Increased CD14+HLA-DR+ Cells in Peripheral Blood
• Increased CD14+HLA-DR+ Cell Percentage in Males
• Reduced Pro-inflammatory Cytokines TNF-α Levels
• Reduced Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion

2 Insights on

• Reduced Constipation
• Improved Gastrointestinal Symptoms

9 Insights on

• Reduced Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Count
• Reduced Salivary Lactobacilli Levels
• Reduced Salivary S. mutans Count
• Reduced Lactobacilli Levels
• Reduced Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Levels
• Reduced Streptococcus Mutans Levels
• Reduced Salivary Lactobacillus Count
• Reduced Oral Biofilm
• Reduced Salivary Levels of Mutans Streptococci

3 Insights on

• Presence of Viable L. acidophilus La-5 Strains in Feces
• No Significant Changes in Global Fecal Microbiota Profile
• Increased Fecal Proportion of Lactobacillus acidophilus

9 Insights on

• Improved Gastrointestinal Well-Being
• Improved Intestinal Function
• Reduced Abdominal Discomfort
• Improved Stool Frequency
• Improved Gastrointestinal Health
• Improved Bowel Movement Frequency
• Increased Stool Frequency
• Increased Defecation Frequency
• Reduced Abdominal Pain

4 Insights on

• Reduced Gamma Proteobacteria
• Increased Fecal Bifidobacteria Levels
• Improved Bacterial Diversity
• Reduced γ-Proteobacteria Levels in Human Milk-Fed Infants

23 Insights on

• Safety of Consumption
• Safety of Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 Consumption
• Improved Safe Consumption Practices
• Absence of Adverse Effects
• Increased SCFA Production
• Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production
• Safe Administration
• Reduced SCFA Concentration in Caecum Content
• Increased Microbial Diversity
• Reduced SCFA Levels in Caecum
• Increased Gut Bifidobacterium Levels
• Altered Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production
• Improved Gut Microbial Diversity
• Increased Bifidobacterial Population
• Increased Bifidobacteria Levels
• Improved Gut Microbiota
• Improved Bifidobacteria Levels
• Modified Fecal Microbiota
• Increased Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids
• Increased SCFA Concentration
• Elevated Bifidobacterium Levels
• Modulated Gut Microbiota
• Increased Microbial Diversity in Caecum

16 Insights on

• Enhanced Innate Immune Function
• Improved Phagocytosis
• Improved Immune Function
• Enhanced Immune Response
• Improved Immune Response
• Increased Effectiveness of Oligosaccharide-Enriched Diet
• Improved Phagocytic Capacity of Polymorphonuclear Cells
• Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Activity
• Sustained Immune Activity
• Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Tumor Killing Activity
• Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Tumoricidal Activity
• Sustained Immune Function
• Increased PMN Cell Phagocytic Capacity
• Enhanced Immune Function Post-Cessation
• Enhanced Immune Function Post-Intervention
• Enhanced Immune Function

7 Insights on

• Maintained Food Intake
• Improved Stool Consistency
• Improved Stool Frequency
• Improved Defecation Condition
• Improved Bowel Movement Frequency
• Increased Stool Frequency
• Normal Safety Parameters

3 Insights on

• Increased Safety in Vulnerable Populations
• Reduced Incidence of Adverse Events
• Increased Adverse Events

14 Insights on

• Reduced Clostridium Species Numbers
• Reduced Enterobacteriaceae Viable Counts
• No Reduction in Antibiotic-Resistant Organism Colonization
• Increased Bifidobacterial Cell Counts
• Increased Gut Bifidobacteria
• Reduced Clostridia Counts
• Reduced Clostridium Species Counts
• Increased Bifidobacteria in Colon
• Increased Bifidobacterial Counts
• Increased Bifidobacterial Population
• Reduced Clostridium Counts
• Increased Bifidobacteria Levels
• Reduced Enterobacterial Counts
• Reduced Enterobacteriaceae Counts

9 Insights on

• Modulated Immune Markers
• Altered Immune Cell Gene Expression
• Increased Fecal Levels of Bifidobacterium lactis
• Altered Immune Marker Expression
• Altered Expression of Immune-Related Genes
• Altered Immune Gene Expression
• Increased Immune Marker Activation
• Increased Fecal Bifidobacterium lactis Levels
• Increased Probiotic B. lactis Levels

4 Insights on

• Reduced Incidence of Colon Cancer
• Reduced Colon Cancer Risk
• Reduced Incidence of Acute Colitis
• Reduced Severity of Acute Colitis

6 Insights on

• Improved Natural Killer Cell Tumoricidal Activity
• Improved Phagocytic Capacity of Polymorphonuclear Cells
• Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Tumor Killing Activity
• Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Tumoricidal Activity
• Improved Polymorphonuclear Phagocytic Capacity
• Increased PMN Cell Phagocytic Capacity

23 Insights on

• Increased Bifidobacterial Growth
• Improved Bowel Movement Frequency
• Relieved Constipation
• Increased Intestinal Bifidobacteria Levels
• Increased Proliferation of Administered Bifidobacteria
• Increased Bifidobacteria Levels
• Increased Levels of Bifidobacteria
• Increased Proliferation of Bifidobacterium lactis
• Increased Defecation Frequency
• No Change in Endogenous Bifidobacteria Levels
• Preserved Endogenous Bifidobacteria Composition
• Increased Intestinal Bifidobacterium Levels
• Increased Probiotic B. lactis Levels
• Increased Bifidobacterium lactis Proliferation in the Intestine
• Increased Intestinal Bifidobacteria Population
• Increased Fecal Bifidobacteria
• Successful Gastrointestinal Tract Colonization
• No Change in Endogenous Bifidobacteria Species
• Increased Bifidobacterium lactis GCL2505 Intestinal Proliferation
• Increased Bacterial Proliferation
• Improved Constipation
• Increased Bifidobacteria Levels in Intestine
• Increased Bifidobacteria Proliferation

32 Insights on

• Reduced Inflammation Levels
• Improved Gut Flora Diversity
• Relieved Intestinal Impairments
• Improved Gut Microbiome Composition
• Increased Barrier-Preserving Protein Levels
• Reduced Intestinal Inflammation
• Improved Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids
• Increased Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels
• Improved Intestinal Flora
• Reduced Inflammation
• Enhanced Anti-inflammatory Response
• Improved AAD-Related Symptoms
• Improved Intestinal Flora Diversity
• Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
• Reduced Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
• Reduced Inflammatory Response
• Reduced Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Levels
• Improved Gut Microbiota Diversity
• Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels
• Reduced Intestinal Permeability
• Improved Recovery from Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
• Reduced Intestinal Pathology
• Improved Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
• Improved Tight Junction Protein Expression
• Improved Intestinal Barrier Function
• Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production
• Improved Recovery of Intestinal Flora
• Improved Diversity of Intestinal Flora
• Reduced Inflammatory Pathways
• Enhanced SCFA Production
• Reduced Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea Symptoms
• Inhibited TLR4 Signaling

8 Insights on

• Increased Endogenous Bifidobacteria Levels
• Improved Intestinal Health
• Enhanced Bifidogenic Activity
• Increased Intestinal Bifidobacterium Levels
• Increased Fecal Bifidobacteria Levels
• Improved Intestinal Microenvironment
• Increased Bifidobacteria Levels
• Increased Levels of Bifidobacteria

16 Insights on

• Improved Gut Microbiome Composition
• Increased Lactobacillus Population
• Reduced Intestinal Inflammation
• Improved Gastrointestinal Health
• Enhanced Beneficial Gut Microbiota
• Improved Gut Microbial Population
• Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Microbial Population
• Improved Colon Pain
• Increased Lactobacillus Levels
• Improved Intestinal Microbial Composition
• Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production
• Improved Gut Microbiota Composition
• Improved Gastrointestinal Inflammation
• Reduced Gastrointestinal Inflammation
• Increased Lactobacilli Populations
• Reduced Colon Pain

24 Insights on

• Increased Fecal Bifidobacteria
• Increased Fecal Lactobacillus Count
• Increased Beneficial Gut Bacteria
• Increased Fecal Lactobacilli Viability
• Reduced Fecal Enterococci
• Increased Fecal Probiotic Strains
• Increased Beneficial Bacteria (Bifidobacteria)
• Increased Specific Probiotic Strains
• Reduced Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria
• Increased Fecal Lactobacilli
• Increased Bifidobacteria Count
• Reduced Fecal Enterococci Levels
• Reduced Enterococci Counts
• Increased Fecal Bifidobacteria Levels
• Increased Viable Fecal Lactobacilli Count
• Increased Beneficial Bacterial Counts
• Improved Fecal Microbiota Composition
• Increased Gut Bifidobacteria
• Stable Plasma Cholesterol Levels
• Increased Viable Lactobacillus Counts
• Increased Lactobacillus Counts
• Increased Fecal Recovery of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp Lactis
• Reduced Enterococci Levels
• Increased Probiotic B. lactis Levels

18 Insights on

• Increased Tolerability
• No Change in Lipid Profile
• Increased Probiotic Tolerance
• Recovery of BB-12 from Feces
• Improved Stool Consistency
• Increased Persistence of Probiotics in Fecal Matter
• Increased Stool Consistency
• Good Tolerability
• Increased Dose Tolerance
• No Change in Fecal Bacterial Composition
• Reduced Stool Consistency
• No Change in Serum Lipid Levels
• Increased Colonization by Beneficial Bacteria (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12)
• Increased Fecal Recovery of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp Lactis
• Improved Lipid Profile
• Altered Fecal Bacterial Composition
• Increased Stool Looseness
• Improved Tolerance to High Doses of Probiotics