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Clinical Applications and Therapeutic Potential of Nano-Bio Fusion Gel in Oral Soft Tissue Therapy: A Critical Narrative Review.

  • 2026-05-14
  • Gels (Basel, Switzerland) 12(5)
    • Gábor Kammerhofer
    • Ákos Tamás Nagy
    • Árpád Joób-Fancsaly
    • György Szmirnov
    • Ilona Szmirnova
    • Dániel Végh
    • Márton Kivovics
    • György Szabó
    • Zsolt Németh

Study Design

Type
Review
Population
patients with oral mucosal and periodontal diseases
Methods
structured non-systematic literature search using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar; 16 relevant studies included
Oral mucosal and periodontal diseases are commonly associated with persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired wound healing, and reduced oral health-related quality of life. Nano-Bio Fusion (NBF) gingival gel is a bioadhesive nano-formulated oral gel containing propolis, vitamin C, and vitamin E, developed for local application under oral soft tissue conditions. This critical narrative review aimed to evaluate the currently available evidence regarding the clinical applications, safety profile, and therapeutic potential of NBF gel in oral soft tissue therapy. A structured non-systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, and 16 relevant studies were included. The available evidence suggests that NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in plaque and gingival indices, periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, wound healing, and pain-related outcomes. In addition, potential beneficial effects have been reported in oral surgery-related wound healing, alveolar osteitis, desquamative gingivitis, erosive lichen planus, and xerostomia-associated mucositis. Several studies reported outcomes comparable to conventional therapies, including chlorhexidine-based regimens and locally delivered antimicrobials; however, the evidence remains heterogeneous and limited. Furthermore, the proposed biological mechanisms, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and tissue-modulating effects, are not yet fully supported by mechanistic or pharmacokinetic evidence. The currently available literature is limited by heterogeneity in study design, small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and limited independent validation. Therefore, further well-designed, adequately powered randomized controlled trials with standardized methodologies are required to better define the clinical role of NBF gel in evidence-based oral soft tissue therapy.

Research Insights

  • Propolis→Improved Clinical Attachment

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in clinical attachment level

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Improved Desquamative Gingivitis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in desquamative gingivitis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Improved Erosive Lichen Planus

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in erosive lichen planus

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Improved Oral Surgery-Related Wound Healing

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in oral surgery-related wound healing

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Improved Wound Healing

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in wound healing

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Alveolar Osteitis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in alveolar osteitis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Gingival Index

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in plaque and gingival indices

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Pain

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in pain-related outcomes

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Periodontal Probing Depth

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in periodontal probing depth

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Plaque Index

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in plaque and gingival indices

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Propolis→Reduced Xerostomia-Associated Mucositis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in xerostomia-associated mucositis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Improved Clinical Attachment

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in clinical attachment level

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Improved Desquamative Gingivitis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in desquamative gingivitis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Improved Erosive Lichen Planus

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in erosive lichen planus

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Improved Oral Surgery-Related Wound Healing

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in oral surgery-related wound healing

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Improved Wound Healing

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in wound healing

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Reduced Alveolar Osteitis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in alveolar osteitis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Reduced Gingival Index

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in plaque and gingival indices

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Reduced Pain

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in pain-related outcomes

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Reduced Periodontal Probing Depth

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in periodontal probing depth

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Reduced Plaque Index

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in plaque and gingival indices

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Reduced Xerostomia-Associated Mucositis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in xerostomia-associated mucositis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Improved Clinical Attachment

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in clinical attachment level

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Improved Desquamative Gingivitis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in desquamative gingivitis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Improved Erosive Lichen Planus

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in erosive lichen planus

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Improved Oral Surgery-Related Wound Healing

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in oral surgery-related wound healing

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Improved Wound Healing

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in wound healing

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Reduced Alveolar Osteitis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in alveolar osteitis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Reduced Gingival Index

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in plaque and gingival indices

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Reduced Pain

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in pain-related outcomes

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Reduced Periodontal Probing Depth

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in periodontal probing depth

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Reduced Plaque Index

    NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in plaque and gingival indices

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin E→Reduced Xerostomia-Associated Mucositis

    potential beneficial effects have been reported in xerostomia-associated mucositis

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
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