Kidney Stones
Kidney stones, also known as nephrolithiasis or renal calculus disease, are solid, crystalline structures that form in the kidneys or urinary tract, potentially causing severe pain, blood in the urine, vomiting, and painful urination, especially when larger than 5 millimeters. While smaller stones may pass on their own, larger stones often require medical treatment, and individuals who have had a kidney stone have a significant risk of recurrence within ten years.
Health Outcomes
- Changed Serum Calcium Level
- Changed Urinary Calcium Creatinine Ratio
- Delayed Onset of Urinary Tract Infections
- Enhanced Oxalate Degradation
- Improved Dysuria
- Improved Serum Uric Acid Levels
- Improved Stone Passage
- Improved Stone-Free State
- Improved Water Intake
- Increased Incidence of Pyuria
- Increased Oxalate-Degrading Activity
- Increased Pain
- Increased Spontaneous Stone Expulsion Rate
- Increased Uric Acid
- Increased Uric Acid Excretion
- Increased Urinary Citrate Level
- Occurrence of Unrelated Haematuria
- Reduced Crystalluria
- Reduced Dysuria
- Reduced Genitourinary Discomfort
- Reduced Hydronephrosis
- Reduced Kidney Stone Density
- Reduced Renal Crystalline Deposits
- Reduced Stone Expulsion Time
- Reduced Time to Lesion Encrustation
- Reduced Urinary Frequency
- Reduced Urinary Oxalic Acid Levels