Kidney Stones
Kidney stones, also known as nephrolithiasis or renal calculus disease, are solid, crystalline structures that form in the kidneys or urinary tract, potentially causing severe pain, blood in the urine, vomiting, and painful urination, especially when larger than 5 millimeters. While smaller stones may pass on their own, larger stones often require medical treatment, and individuals who have had a kidney stone have a significant risk of recurrence within ten years.
Health Outcomes
- Changed Serum Calcium Level
- Changed Urinary Calcium Creatinine Ratio
- Decreased Urinary pH
- Delayed Onset of Urinary Tract Infections
- Enhanced Oxalate Degradation
- Improved Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism
- Improved Dysuria
- Improved Hydration Status
- Improved Serum Uric Acid Levels
- Improved Stone Passage
- Improved Stone-Free State
- Improved Urinary Tract Complication
- Improved Water Intake
- Increased 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Level
- Increased Incidence of Pyuria
- Increased Oxalate-Degrading Activity
- Increased Pain
- Increased Serum Calcium Level
- Increased Spontaneous Stone Expulsion Rate
- Increased Uric Acid
- Increased Uric Acid Excretion
- Increased Urinary Oxalate Level
- Increased Urine Volume
- Increased Urine pH
- Maintained Blood Calcium Level
- Occurrence of Unrelated Haematuria
- Reduced Acute Pain Episode
- Reduced Calcium Supplementation Need
- Reduced Crystalluria
- Reduced Dysuria
- Reduced Genitourinary Discomfort
- Reduced Hydronephrosis
- Reduced Kidney Stone Density
- Reduced Pain During Contrast Medium Injection
- Reduced Postoperative Pain Intensity
- Reduced Recurrence Rate
- Reduced Renal Crystalline Deposits
- Reduced Stone Expulsion Time
- Reduced Time to Lesion Encrustation
- Reduced Urinary Dysfunction
- Reduced Urinary Oxalic Acid Levels