Research synthesisModerate evidenceModerate effect4 studies · 4 beneficial · 0 neutral · 0 harmful
Across 4 studies, all reported beneficial effects on quality of life, with effect sizes ranging from small to large (predominantly moderate). The most robust evidence comes from a large systematic review (n=4477) showing a small but significant improvement. Effects were typically observed at 8-12 weeks in clinical populations with functional dyspepsia, chronic lower back pain, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Doses varied and no specific form was consistently used across studies.
- Studied populations: clinical populations with functional dyspepsia, chronic lower back pain, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer
Caveats: Available evidence is overwhelmingly positive — clinical literature in this area is subject to publication bias (null-result studies are less likely to be published or indexed). Evidence base is small (only 4 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Effect sizes varied notably: the largest, most rigorous study (systematic review) found a small effect, while smaller RCTs reported moderate to large effects, suggesting potential overestimation in smaller trials.
Generated May 17, 2026