Research synthesisModerate evidenceMixed effect size5 studies · 4 beneficial · 1 neutral · 0 harmful
Across 5 studies, 4 reported beneficial effects of white mulberry on reducing postprandial glucose, with effect sizes ranging from small to large. The strongest evidence comes from RCTs using mulberry fruit extract (MFE) or leaf extract (MLE) at doses around 250 mg to 2.9 g per meal, showing modest to large reductions in glycemic response. One small neutral study in adults with type 2 diabetes used a low dose (0.37 g) and did not reach significance, suggesting dose may be critical.
- Effective dose range: 250 mg to 1.5 g per ~50 g available carbohydrate (as mulberry fruit extract or leaf extract), taken with or shortly before a meal
- Studied populations: Healthy adults; adults with type 2 diabetes (limited data)
Caveats: Available evidence is overwhelmingly positive — clinical literature in this area is subject to publication bias (null-result studies are less likely to be published or indexed). The neutral study used a lower dose and a clinical population, suggesting that dose selection and target population may influence outcomes. Most studies were acute, single-meal designs with no long-term data on sustained use or metabolic outcomes. The effect size varied considerably across studies (small to large), partly due to differences in dose, form, and comparator.
Generated Jul 12, 2026