Effect of Probiotic and Synbiotic Oral Supplementation in Autoimmune Diseases: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- 2026-03-30
- Meta-Analysis · n = 703
- Nutrients 18(7)
- Yuan-Yow Chiou
- Tsu-Yun Chiu
- Mei-Ju Chen
- PubMed: 41978157
- DOI: 10.3390/nu18071107
- High evidence
- Rigorous Journal
Subgroup analysis revealed that in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, the probiotics group showed greater improvements in IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα compared to the controls.
- Effect
- Beneficial
- Effect size
- Moderate