All 3 available studies report beneficial effects on liver function, with predominantly moderate effect sizes. However, none of the studies report statistical significance, and the evidence is based solely on narrative reviews and an animal experiment. The limited evidence base (3 studies) and lack of human clinical trials warrant caution.
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Available evidence is overwhelmingly positive — clinical literature in this area is subject to publication bias (null-result studies are less likely to be published or indexed). Additionally, none of the included studies reported statistically significant results, and all evidence comes from narrative reviews or animal models — no human clinical trials with adequate methodology were available. The effect may be smaller than the predominant direction suggests.
This review analyzes the effects of gut microbiome modulation on the course of CLD, by using pharmacotherapy, nutrition, fecal microbiota transplantation, supplements, and probiotics.
probiotic therapy as a safe, inexpensive and a noninvasive strategy can reduce pathophysiological symptoms and improve different types of liver diseases without side effects
Serum and hepatic analyses also revealed that the restoration of epithelial barrier function may prevent the leakage of endotoxin into the blood, subsequently improve liver function and hepatic steatosis in the L. fermentum LA12-treated rats.