Efficacy and safety of probiotic supplements on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

2025-11-25
Meta-Analysis · n = 390
BMC complementary medicine and therapies 25(1)
- Nancy Calzada-Gonzales
- Ismael Moreno-Colina
- Linn Chu-Fuentes
- Daniel Andrade-Girón
- Hugo E Tito-Chura
- Carlos Quispe-Vicuña
- Pedro I Torres-Balarezo
- Anthony Bautista-Pariona
- Joshuan J Barboza

PubMed: 41291638
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-025-05149-6

Improved Cognitive Function

High evidence

Limited evidence suggests a possible improvement in cognitive function from probiotics use at 12 weeks (MD 4.23, 95% CI 2.77 to 5.68; certainty of evidence (CoE) was low, I² = 0%) for MMSE and cognitive function (MD 1.21; 95% CI 0.06 to 2.36; certainty of evidence (CoE) was low; I² = 35%) for MoCA; however, due to the very low certainty found, the evidence is very uncertain.

Effect: Beneficial
Effect size: Small
Significant: Yes

Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics for the Prevention and Management of Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.

2026-03-10
Review
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 15(3)
- Ting Chen
- Haoqi Chen
- Yingzhen Qiu
- Yixiao Liu
- Mengxing Xie
- Siyu Huang
- Kaiying Feng
- Jie Zhuang
- Lu Chen
- Yanming Chen
- Huabin Li
- Mengtao Yang
- Zhijun Yang
- Huilian Zhu

PubMed: 41897493
DOI: 10.3390/antiox15030347

2 Insights on

Improved Cognitive Function

Low evidence

The findings suggest that PPSPs mitigate AD pathology and improve cognitive performance by modulating gut microbiota...

Effect: Beneficial
Effect size: Small