Selenium is a trace mineral essential for human health and is a crucial component of various enzymes and proteins known as selenoproteins¹. These proteins play a significant role in DNA synthesis, protection against oxidative cell damage, and immune function, among other vital biological processes¹. Selenium is particularly important for thyroid function, as it helps regulate thyroid hormones¹.

The health benefits of selenium include its antioxidant properties, which help mitigate tissue damage and reduce inflammation². Selenium has been linked to reducing the risk of certain cancers, enhancing immune response, and improving reproductive health through the betterment of sperm quality³. Additionally, selenium supplementation can potentially aid in managing conditions like autoimmune thyroid disease, cardiovascular issues, and polycystic ovary syndrome³.

However, the impact of selenium supplementation on cancer risk is mixed. While observational studies have indicated a possible reduced risk of cancer with higher selenium intake, randomized trials have not found a reduction in cancer incidence due to selenium supplements². Moreover, excess selenium intake has been associated with increased risks, such as the development of type 2 diabetes and non-melanoma skin cancer³.

Given its narrow safety margin, selenium supplementation is generally not recommended for the general population unless there is a diagnosed deficiency³. The balance between the beneficial and adverse effects of selenium needs careful consideration based on individual health status and dietary intake⁴.

Footnotes

1. Harvard Nutrition Source ↩ ↩² ↩³

2. PMC Article on Selenium ↩ ↩²

3. Review on Selenium and Health ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴

4. NCBI Review on Selenium ↩