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Beta-carotene is a type of carotenoid and a precursor to vitamin A, which is essential for various bodily functions, including maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and skin health. It is also an antioxidant that protects cells from damage caused by free radicals¹².

Health Benefits

1. Vitamin A Conversion: Beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A in the body, which is crucial for maintaining good vision, immune function, and skin health¹.
2. Antioxidant Properties: Beta-carotene functions as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals and potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases².
3. Cancer Risk Reduction: Food sources of beta-carotene have been associated with a reduced risk of certain types of cancer¹. However, beta-carotene supplements do not show the same benefit².
4. Skin and Eye Health: It has been used to manage conditions like night blindness and may provide some protection against sunburn for those sensitive to the sun².

Potential Risks

1. Cancer Risk in Smokers: High doses of beta-carotene supplements have been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers and asbestos-exposed workers³.
2. Cardiovascular Issues: Some studies suggest beta-carotene supplementation might slightly increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, particularly among smokers⁴.
3. Pro-Oxidant Activity: In specific conditions, beta-carotene can act as a pro-oxidant rather than an antioxidant, which might lead to adverse effects⁵.

Conclusion

While beta-carotene from food sources is beneficial and essential, caution is advised with supplementation, particularly for smokers or individuals at high risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. Consulting healthcare professionals before starting any new supplement regimen is always recommended.