Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body, essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs¹. They are made up of amino acids, which are linked together in a chain and taken on a particular three-dimensional structure based on their sequence¹. The human body uses 20 different amino acids to make proteins¹. Proteins can be categorized by their functions in the body, such as:

1. Antibodies: Help protect the body by binding to specific foreign particles like viruses and bacteria.
2. Enzymes: Carry out almost all chemical reactions in cells and assist with new molecule formation.
3. Messengers: Transmit signals to coordinate biological processes.
4. Structural components: Provide support for cells.
5. Transport/storage: Carry atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout the body¹².

Proteins are vital in muscle, bones, skin, and all other tissues³. They do everything from catalyzing metabolic reactions (enzymes) to replication and transcription of DNA². Proteins are sourced from the diet and are essential for building and repairing tissues, making enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals⁴. The human body does not store protein in the same way it stores fat and carbohydrates, so it needs a daily supply from the diet to maintain health³.

Footnotes

1. MedlinePlus Genetics ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴

2. NCBI Bookshelf ↩ ↩²

3. Better Health Channel ↩ ↩²

4. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia ↩