Several supplements and herbal remedies have been traditionally used to support lactation and potentially help increase milk production in breastfeeding women. Here are the most notable ones:

1. Fenugreek:
   Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds are one of the most commonly used galactagogues. They contain various saponins and isoflavones that may help increase insulin, prolactin, and oxytocin secretion, which are involved in lactation¹. Anecdotal evidence and some studies suggest it may help increase milk supply. However, fenugreek can have side effects such as gastrointestinal issues and allergic reactions¹.

2. Goat's Rue:
   Goat's rue (Galega officinalis) is used widely as a galactagogue. It contains galegine, which may contribute to its lactation-supporting effects². Though widely used, solid scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness is limited. It has been noted to potentially cause hypoglycemia, so caution is recommended, especially for women taking antidiabetic drugs².

3. Fennel:
   Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds are known for their volatile oil composed mainly of anethole, a phytoestrogen, which is thought to help in lactation³. Some studies have shown an increase in milk volume and fat content with fennel use³. However, fennel may cause allergic reactions and should be avoided by those allergic to other members of the Apiaceae family³.

4. Blessed Thistle:
   Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus) is another herb commonly recommended for increasing milk supply. Often used in conjunction with fenugreek, it is believed to stimulate mammary glands, although scientific evidence is limited⁴.

5. Shatavari:
   Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) is used in Ayurvedic medicine to support lactation. Limited studies suggest it may have a positive effect on prolactin levels⁵.

It's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially while breastfeeding, to ensure safety and address any potential interactions with other medications.

Footnotes

1. LactMed - Fenugreek ↩ ↩²

2. LactMed - Goat’s Rue ↩ ↩²

3. LactMed - Fennel ↩ ↩² ↩³

4. Systematic Review of Breastfeeding and Herbs ↩

5. Review of Herbal and Pharmaceutical Galactagogues for Breast-Feeding ↩