Vitamin A is a crucial fat-soluble vitamin involved in multiple bodily functions:

Functions of Vitamin A

1. Vision: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, particularly in low-light conditions[^1^][^2^].
2. Immune System: It supports the immune system by helping fight infections and by maintaining the integrity and function of skin and mucous membranes[^1^][^2^].
3. Cell Growth: It's vital for cell growth and differentiation, impacting tissue repair and maintenance[^2^].
4. Reproduction and Development: Vitamin A plays a role in reproductive health and fetal development[^3^][^4^].
5. Skin Health: It maintains the health of skin cells and mucous membranes, thereby serving as a barrier against infections[^1^][^2^].

Sources of Vitamin A

• Animal Sources (Preformed Vitamin A):

  • Liver (including fish liver oil)
  • Dairy products (milk, cheese, and butter)
  • Eggs[^2^][^3^]
  • Fish (like salmon and herring)[^4^]

• Plant Sources (Provitamin A Carotenoids):

  • Carrots
  • Sweet potatoes
  • Mangos
  • Papayas
  • Leafy green vegetables like spinach and broccoli[^2^][^4^]

Deficiency and Excess

• Deficiency:

  • Night blindness: Difficulty seeing in low light[^2^].
  • Xerophthalmia: A condition that can lead to corneal damage[^2^][^4^].
  • Immune deficiency: Increased susceptibility to infections[^1^].

• Excess:

  • Toxicity: High doses can cause liver damage and other issues[^3^][^4^].
  • Hypervitaminosis A: Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, and even birth defects when consumed excessively by pregnant women[^4^].
  • Carotenemia: Excess beta-carotene can lead to a harmless yellowing of the skin[^3^].

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