3D-printing flexible PLGA scaffold modified with bioorthogonal IGF-1 for skin regeneration.

2026-06
Regenerative therapy 32

PubMed: 41884349
DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2026.101100

Study Design

Population: a full-thickness skin defect regeneration model was established on the rat back
Methods: A phase inversion-based deposition modeling 3D printing technique was employed to construct flexible poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold. Additionally, a novel 3D-printing flexible skin implantation functionalized with bioorthogonal IGF-1 (DA-IGF-1) was fabricated. The adhesion, proliferation and relative mRNA expression of cells on PLGA scaffold were assessed.

Introduction

3D-printing implants have attracted increasing attention for enhancing the regeneration of various wound types. The rigidity of traditional 3D printing materials limits their applicability in skin wound repair. In addition, improving the bioactivity of polymeric materials remains an urgent challenge to be addressed. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is widely recognized for its efficacy in skin wound repair. However, the potency of IGF-1 in wound regeneration is limited by its unstable binding to the implants.

Methods

In this study, A phase inversion-based deposition modeling 3D printing technique was employed to construct flexible poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold. Additionally, a novel 3D-printing flexible skin implantation functionalized with bioorthogonal IGF-1 (DA-IGF-1) was fabricated. The adhesion, proliferation and relative mRNA expression of cells on PLGA scaffold were assessed. Meanwhile, a full-thickness skin defect regeneration model was established on the rat back to evaluate the wound repair efficacy of the implanted scaffolds.

Results

The DA-IGF-1 exhibited outstanding binding ability on the scaffold. The resulting PLGA flexible scaffold modified with DA-IGF-1 showed significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and biocompatibility compared with the control group materials (p < 0.05). The expression of wound regeneration related genes was also upregulated significantly in the DA-IGF-1 group (p < 0.05). In vivo study indicated that bioactive implants effectively promoted healing and neovascularization of full-thickness skin defects in rats.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated that the 3D-printing flexible PLGA scaffold modified with bioorthogonal IGF-1 holds great potential for application as a novel therapeutic strategy for wound regeneration.

Research Insights

Supplement	Dose	Health Outcome	Effect Type	Effect Size	Source
Lactic Acid Bacteria YK-1	—	Improved Wound Healing	Beneficial	Large	View source bioactive implants effectively promoted healing and neovascularization of full-thickness skin defects in rats.