Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Halitosis.
- 2026-04
- International dental journal 76(2)
- Xiaodi Shang
- Xinxiao Chen
- Chunxu Lv
- Zhen Wang
- Bin Chen
- Jinlong Shao
- Ye Liang
- Aimei Song
- Hongmei Guo
- Yang Yu
- Hongrui Liu
- Mi Du
- Jin Zhang
- Wenyan Kang
- Jianhua Li
- Baojin Ma
- Fuhua Yan
- Yaping Pan
- Faming Chen
- Yan Xu
- Qingxian Luan
- Lei Zhao
- Yao Sun
- Zhongchen Song
- Yi Liu
- Zhengguo Cao
- Juan Xia
- Chuanjiang Zhao
- Ang Li
- Jiang Sun
- Zuomin Wang
- Lijun Luo
- Xiuyun Ren
- Shulan Xu
- Dandan Ma
- Yufeng Xie
- Guangxun Zhu
- Liangjun Zhong
- Jiang Lin
- Feng Chen
- Xian Peng
- Xiaojun Li
- Peihui Ding
- Junji Xu
- Kai Luo
- An Li
- Li Lin
- Beimin Tian
- Yue Chen
- Xue Li
- Qiang Feng
- Jing Deng
- Changqing Yuan
- Gang Ding
- Hongguang Zhu
- Keqing Pan
- Xiaojing Wang
- Caiqing Qiu
- Guanghui Ren
- Min Liu
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Song Ge
- Rui Zhang
- Ling Li
- Shulai Lu
- Tian Tian
- Qiang Chen
- Hui Wang
- Danyang Wang
- Xiaochun Wang
- Chengfei Zhang
- Xuedong Zhou
- Shaohua Ge
- PubMed: 41678945
- DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2026.109436
Study Design
- Type
- Review
With growing awareness of oral health and rising social expectations, the management of halitosis has attracted increasing attention, as fresh breath is essential for social etiquette and personal image. Due to the diverse origins and varying clinical manifestations of halitosis, treatment approaches differ significantly. Recent advancements have facilitated the development of more refined diagnostic tools and therapeutic methods. Based on current clinical evidence and practice, a consensus framework has been established to guide the management of halitosis. This consensus systematically outlines the prevalence and classification of halitosis, reviews its aetiology and pathogenesis, and details evidence-based diagnostic methods. Notably, it proposes tailored treatment strategies aligned with specific etiological factors. The goal is to promote the standardization, precision, and optimization of halitosis diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.