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Dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis HAINUP40 enhances growth, digestive enzyme activities, innate immune responses and disease resistance of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

  • 2017-01
  • Fish & Shellfish Immunology 60
    • Haitian Liu
    • Shifeng Wang
    • Yan Cai
    • Xiaohui Guo
    • Z. Cao
    • Yongzheng Zhang
    • Shubin Liu
    • W. Yuan
    • Weiwei Zhu
    • Yu Zheng
    • Zhenyu Xie
    • Weiliang Guo
    • Yong-can Zhou

Abstract

The probiotic properties of Bacillus subtilis HAINUP40 isolated from the aquatic environment, and the effects of dietary administration of B. subtilis HAINUP40 on the growth performance, intestinal probiotic recovery, digestive enzyme activities, innate immunity and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated. The probiotic properties investigated include tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal stress, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity and extracellular enzyme production. The cell number of B. subtilis changed little after 4 h in simulated gastric fluid at pH = 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and simulated intestinal fluid at pH = 6.8.B.subtilis HAINUP40 revealed strong auto-aggregation property (34.6-87.0%) after 24 h incubation period. It exhibited significant cell surface hydrophobicity in xylene (28.8%) and chloroform (41.3%) and produced extracellular proteases and amylase. After tilapia (mean weight = 95 ± 8 g) were fed with a diet containing 108 cfu/g B. subtilis HAINUP40, their final body weight, percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks; feed conversion rate (FCR) is significantly lower (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks; the protease and amylase activity in the digestive tract increased significantly (p < 0.05) after 4 and 8 weeks; and respiratory bursts and serum lysozyme activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) after 2 weeks. Moreover, being challenged with pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae for 2 weeks, the relative percent survival (RPS%) is 52.94%. The results of this study strongly suggest that dietary supplement of B. subtilis HAINUP40 can effectively enhances the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia.

Keywords: Bacillus subtilis HAINUP40; Digestive enzyme activity; Growth; Innate immunity; Protection; Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Research Insights

SupplementHealth OutcomeEffect TypeEffect Size
Bacillus SubtilisEnhanced Digestive Enzyme ActivityBeneficial
Large
Bacillus SubtilisEnhanced Disease ResistanceBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus SubtilisImproved Antioxidant CapacityBeneficial
Large
Bacillus SubtilisImproved Feed Conversion RateBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus SubtilisImproved Growth PerformanceBeneficial
Large
Bacillus SubtilisImproved Innate Immune ResponsesBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus subtilis AB22Enhanced Digestive Enzyme ActivityBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis AB22Enhanced Disease ResistanceBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus subtilis AB22Improved Growth PerformanceBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis AB22Improved Innate Immune ResponseBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis DE111Enhanced Disease ResistanceBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus subtilis DE111Improved Antioxidant CapacityBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis DE111Improved Digestive Enzyme ActivityBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus subtilis DE111Improved Feed Conversion RatioBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis DE111Improved Growth PerformanceBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis DE111Improved Innate Immune ResponseBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis MB40Enhanced Digestive Enzyme ActivityBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis MB40Enhanced Disease ResistanceBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus subtilis MB40Improved Antioxidant CapacityBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis MB40Improved Feed Conversion RateBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus subtilis MB40Improved Growth PerformanceBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis MB40Improved Innate Immune ResponseBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis SNZ-1972Enhanced Disease ResistanceBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus subtilis SNZ-1972Improved Digestive Enzyme ActivityBeneficial
Moderate
Bacillus subtilis SNZ-1972Improved Growth PerformanceBeneficial
Large
Bacillus subtilis SNZ-1972Improved Innate Immune ResponsesBeneficial
Moderate
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