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Does flaxseed supplementation affect apo-lipoproteins? A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.

  • 2024-10
  • Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators 174
    • Sasan Pourbagher Benam
    • Seyedsaber Mirabdali
    • Negar Ebrahimi
    • Maziar Daneshvar
    • Shima Vahedi
    • Fateme Abbasifard
    • Mahsa Rounagh

Study Design

Type
Meta-Analysis
Population
adults
Methods
Systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for RCTs up to June 2024; random effects model; standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval
Several studies indicated the ameliorating effects of flaxseed supplementation on apolipoproteins, although others have conflicting results. Therefore, the present research was conducted in order to accurately and definitively understand the effect of flaxseed on apolipoproteins in adults. All articles published up to Juan 2024 were systematically searched through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to collect all randomized clinical trials (RCTs). A random effects model was used to measure the combined effect sizes. Also, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used to report the combined effect size. Our results showed that flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced apo-BI (SMD: -0.57; 95 % CI: -0.95, -0.19, p = 0.003; I2 = 83.2 %, heterogeneity p < 0.001) and lipo(a) decreased (SMD: -0.34; 95 % CI: -0.59, -0.09, p=0.007; I2=30.3 %, heterogeneity p=0.197). However, flaxseed did not change apo-AI levels (SMD: -0.37; 95 % CI: -0.87, 0.13, p = 0.146; I2 = 89.2 %, p-heterogeneity < 0.001). This meta-analysis has shown that flaxseed supplementation may have beneficial effects on apolipoproteins. Future high-quality, long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm our results.

Research Insights

  • flaxseed→Reduced Apolipoprotein A-I Level

    flaxseed did not change apo-AI levels (SMD: -0.37; 95% CI: -0.87, 0.13, p = 0.146; I² = 89.2%, p-heterogeneity < 0.001)

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    flaxseed supplementation
  • flaxseed→Reduced Apolipoprotein B Levels

    flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced apo-BI (SMD: -0.57; 95% CI: -0.95, -0.19, p = 0.003; I² = 83.2%, heterogeneity p < 0.001)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Moderate
    Dose
    flaxseed supplementation
  • flaxseed→Reduced Lipoprotein (a) Level

    lipo(a) decreased (SMD: -0.34; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.09, p=0.007; I²=30.3%, heterogeneity p=0.197)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Moderate
    Dose
    flaxseed supplementation
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