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Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

  • 2025-05-16
  • Sultan Qaboos University medical journal 25(1)
    • Nasiba Al Maqrashi
    • Salim Al Busaidi
    • Sara Al-Rasbi
    • Abdullah M Al Alawi
    • Juhaina S Al-Maqbali

Study Design

Type
Meta-Analysis
Sample size
n = 345
Population
1,345 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Methods
meta-analysis of 23 randomised controlled trials
This study evaluated the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus through a meta-analysis of 23 randomised controlled trials involving 1,345 participants. Mg supplementation significantly increased serum Mg levels (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.06) and reduced fasting blood glucose levels (WMD = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.28). However, the impact on glycated haemoglobin was minimal (WMD = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.32 to 0.00). Subgroup analysis showed a greater reduction in glycated haemoglobin among participants aged ≥65 years and those receiving longer durations of supplementation. Additionally, Mg supplementation was linked to lower diastolic blood pressure and potential improvements in lipid profile. This review highlights the importance of considering patient characteristics, dosage and intervention duration in future research on Mg supplementation for glycaemic control in diabetes.

Research Insights

  • Magnesium→Improved Blood Lipid Profile

    Additionally, Mg supplementation was linked to lower diastolic blood pressure and potential improvements in lipid profile.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Magnesium→Reduced Diastolic Blood Pressure

    Additionally, Mg supplementation was linked to lower diastolic blood pressure and potential improvements in lipid profile.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Magnesium→Reduced Fasting Blood Glucose

    Mg supplementation significantly increased serum Mg levels (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.06) and reduced fasting blood glucose levels (WMD = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.28).

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
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