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Abstract

In the current study, we investigated the effect of a probiotic bacterium (Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469) microencapsulated with alginate and hi-maize starch and coated with chitosan on improving growth factors, body composition, blood chemistry, and the immune response of rainbow trout (initial weight: 18.41 ± 0.32 g). Four experimental diets were formulated to feed fish for 60 days. They were control diet without any additive (C), diet added with beads without probiotic (E), a probiotic sprayed to the diet (L.r), and encapsulated probiotic supplemented diet (E-L.r). The results indicated that feeding with E-Lr significantly improved weight gain (84.98 g) and feed conversion ratio (0.95) compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Also, fish fed E-Lr diet had a significantly higher value of whole-body protein (17.51%), total protein in the blood (4.98 g/dL), lysozyme (30.66 U/mL), alternative complement pathway hemolytic activity (134 U/mL), superoxide dismutase (203 U/mg protein), and catalase (528.33 U/mg protein) (P < 0.05) as compared to those fed the control diet. Similarly, a higher relative expression of immune-related genes such as interleukin-1 (Il-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-1α) were reported in those fed E-L.r and L.r diets respectively. Interestingly, the fish fed dietary E-L.r had a significantly lower value of lipid in the whole body (4.82%) and cholesterol in the blood (160.67%) in comparison with those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, all groups were challenged by Yersinia ruckeri where the survival rate of rainbow trout fed dietary E-L.r (70.36%) was statistically higher than that of the others (P < 0.05). Overall, the results suggested that encapsulated probiotic Lact. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 acted better than unencapsulated probiotic and has a potential to improve growth performance, flesh quality, and the immune response of rainbow trout.

Keywords: ATCC 7469; Hypocholesterolemic effect; Immunity; Immunostimulant; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Probiotic; Yersinia ruckeri.

Research Insights

SupplementHealth OutcomeEffect TypeEffect Size
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32Enhanced Immune-Related Gene ExpressionBeneficial
Moderate
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32Improved Immune ResponseBeneficial
Large
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32Improved Survival Rate Against InfectionBeneficial
Large
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32Improved Weight GainBeneficial
Large
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32Improved Whole-Body ProteinBeneficial
Moderate
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32Reduced Blood CholesterolBeneficial
Moderate
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32Reduced Whole Body FatBeneficial
Moderate
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06Enhanced Immune-Related Gene ExpressionBeneficial
Moderate
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06Improved Immune ResponseBeneficial
Large
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06Improved Survival Rate Against InfectionBeneficial
Large
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06Improved Weight GainBeneficial
Large
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06Improved Whole-Body ProteinBeneficial
Moderate
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06Increased Serum Total Protein LevelsBeneficial
Moderate
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06Reduced Blood Serum CholesterolBeneficial
Moderate
Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06Reduced Whole-Body Lipid LevelsBeneficial
Moderate
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