Gut Microbiota Composition Before and After Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.

2018-05-24
Digestive diseases and sciences 63(11)

PubMed: 29796911
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5122-4

Study Design

Type: Clinical Trial
Population: Twenty patients with reflux esophagitis based on endoscopic examination
Methods: Received 8 weeks of treatment with PPIs; fecal microbiota composition, fecal organic acid concentrations and pH, and gut bacteria in the blood were analyzed before and after PPI use using 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted quantitative RT-PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography

Rigorous Journal

Background

Recently, problems associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use have begun to surface. PPIs influence the gut microbiota; therefore, PPI use may increase the risk of enteric infections and cause bacterial translocation. In this study, we investigated fecal microbiota composition, fecal organic acid concentrations and pH, and gut bacteria in the blood of the same patients before and after PPI use.

Methods

Twenty patients with reflux esophagitis based on endoscopic examination received 8 weeks of treatment with PPIs. To analyze fecal microbiota composition and gut bacteria in blood and organic acid concentrations, 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted quantitative RT-PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography were conducted.

Results

Lactobacillus species were significantly increased at both 4 and 8 weeks after PPI treatment compared with bacterial counts before treatment (P = 0.011 and P = 0.002, respectively). Among Lactobacillus spp., counts of the L. gasseri subgroup, L. fermentum, the L. reuteri subgroup, and the L. ruminis subgroup were significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment compared with counts before treatment. Streptococcus species were also significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks after PPI treatment compared with counts before treatment (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the total organic acid concentrations before and after PPI treatment. Detection rates of bacteria in blood before and after PPI treatment were 22 and 28%, respectively, with no significant differences.

Conclusions

Our quantitative RT-PCR results showed that gut dysbiosis was caused by PPI use, corroborating previous results obtained by metagenomic analysis.

Research Insights

Supplement	Dose	Health Outcome	Effect Type	Effect Size	Source
Lactobacillus gasseri SD-5585	—	No Significant Change in Blood Bacterial Detection	Neutral	Small	View source Detection rates of bacteria in blood before and after PPI treatment were 22 and 28%, respectively, with no significant differences.