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Impacts of Milk Protein Supplementation on Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure, Oxidative Stress, and Liver Enzymes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

  • 2025-06-05
  • Nutrition reviews 84(4)
    • Shooka Mohammadi
    • Damoon Ashtary-Larky
    • Mahya Beyki
    • Narges Kouhi Sough
    • Navid Alaghemand
    • Niusha Amirani
    • Hossein Salehi Omran
    • Sina Dolatshahi
    • Omid Asbaghi

Study Design

Type
Meta-Analysis
Population
adults
Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 65 RCTs; random-effects meta-analysis of milk protein supplementation effects on lipid profiles, BP, OS, and liver enzymes.

Context

It has been proposed that supplementation with milk protein (MP) may ameliorate lipid profiles, lower blood pressure (BP), reduce oxidative stress (OS), and regulate liver enzyme levels to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the impacts of casein protein, whey protein, and MP supplementation on lipid profiles, BP, OS, and liver enzymes in adults.

Data sources

A systematic search strategy was developed to determine relevant RCTs published up to September 2024 among several databases (Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus).

Data extraction

The extracted data comprised a range of trial characteristics, including the study design, sample size, demographic data of participants, trial duration, pre- and post-assessments of the outcomes, and the dosage of MP supplements.

Data analysis

A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to determine the effects of MP supplementation on the measured outcomes. Heterogeneity across the trials was evaluated using the I2 statistic and Cochran's Q tests. The pooled analysis of 65 RCTs revealed that MP supplementation significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (TC) (weighted mean difference mg/dL; 95% CI: -7.91, -0.16; P = .042), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD: -1.99 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.16, -0.82; P < .001), and triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -6.11 mg/dL; 95% CI: -9.78, -2.44; P = .001) in the MP group compared with the untreated group. However, there were no statistically substantial impacts on diastolic blood pressure, serum levels of glutathione, nitric oxide, apolipoprotein (Apo) A, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo B, alanine transaminase, malondialdehyde, aspartate transaminase, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusion

Supplementation with MP may have hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects, as indicated by reductions in SBP, TG, and TC.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024621220.

Research Insights

  • Milk Protein→Reduced Total Cholesterol

    Supplementation with MP significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (TC) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -4.03 mg/dL; 95% CI: -7.91, -0.16; P = .042)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
  • Milk Protein→Reduced Triglyceride Levels

    Supplementation with MP significantly reduced ... triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -6.11 mg/dL; 95% CI: -9.78, -2.44; P = .001)

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
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