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Influence of vitamin D supplementation on ovarian reserve as reflected by anti-Müllerian hormone levels: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

  • 2026-05-11
  • Frontiers in endocrinology 17
    • Sitian Fang
    • Yijia Li
    • Xinyu Fan
    • Liping Zheng

Study Design

Type
Meta-Analysis
Sample size
n = 992
Population
women of reproductive age
Methods
meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo or no intervention on AMH

Background

Vitamin D has been implicated in ovarian physiology, yet its effect on ovarian reserve remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the influence of vitamin D supplementation on ovarian reserve as indicated by serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched for RCTs comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo or no intervention on AMH in women of reproductive age. The pooled effect was summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) using a random-effects model by incorporating the influence of potential heterogeneity.

Results

Eleven RCTs with 992 women were included. Overall, vitamin D supplementation did not significantly affect serum AMH levels (SMD: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.48 to 0.08; p = 0.16), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 77%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed no significant effect in double-blind trials but a reduction in AMH in open-label trials (p for subgroup difference = 0.02). A significant interaction was observed according to baseline AMH level (p = 0.003), with a reduction in studies where baseline AMH > 6 ng/mL (SMD: -0.55; 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.23). No significant subgroup differences were found by age, baseline 25(OH)D, vitamin D dose, treatment duration, or assay method.

Conclusions

Current randomized evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation was not likely to alter AMH levels in reproductive-aged women overall. The certainty of evidence was moderate, and findings should be interpreted cautiously given substantial heterogeneity.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261329210.

Research Insights

  • Vitamin D→Changed Anti-Müllerian Hormone Level

    Overall, vitamin D supplementation did not significantly affect serum AMH levels (SMD: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.48 to 0.08; p = 0.16), with substantial heterogeneity.

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
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