L-Carnitine and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review on Nutrition and Health Perspectives.

2023-02-08
Journal of personalized medicine 13(2)
- Bharti Sharma
- Dinesh Kumar Yadav

PubMed: 36836532
DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020298

Study Design

Type: Review
Methods: The data were gathered from different online databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, ACS publication, PubMed, Springer, etc., using keywords; various items of literature concerning CKD were gathered and screened by experts based on their inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Progressive segmental glomerulosclerosis is acknowledged as a characteristic of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). It is a major health issue that exponentially reduces health and economy and also causes serious morbidity and mortality across the globe. This review is aimed at comprehending the health perspectives of L-Carnitine (LC) as an adjuvant regimen for alleviating CKD and its associated complications. The data were gathered from different online databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, ACS publication, PubMed, Springer, etc., using keywords such as CKD/Kidney disease, current epidemiology and its prevalence, LC supplementations, sources of LC, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of LC and its supplementation for mimicking the CKD and its associated problem, etc. Various items of literature concerning CKD were gathered and screened by experts based on their inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings suggest that, among the different comorbidities such as oxidative stress and inflammatory stress, erythropoietin-resistant anemia, intradialytic hypotension, muscle weakness, myalgia, etc., are considered as the most significant onset symptoms in CKD or hemodialysis patients. LC or creatine supplementation provides an effective adjuvant or therapeutic regimen that significantly reduces oxidative and inflammatory stress and erythropoietin-resistant anemia and evades comorbidities such as tiredness, impaired cognition, muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle wasting. However, no significant changes were found in biochemical alteration such as creatinine, uric acid, urea, etc., after creatine supplementation in a patient with renal dysfunction. The expert-recommended dose of LC or creatine to a patient is approached for better outcomes of LC as a nutritional therapy regimen for CKD-associated complications. Hence, it can be suggested that LC provides an effective nutritional therapy to ameliorate impaired biochemicals and kidney function and to treat CKD and its associated complications.

Research Insights

L-Carnitine→Improved Cognition
evades comorbidities such as tiredness, impaired cognition, muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle wasting
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
expert-recommended dose
L-Carnitine→Reduced Erythropoietin-resistant Anemia
significantly reduces oxidative and inflammatory stress and erythropoietin-resistant anemia
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
expert-recommended dose
L-Carnitine→Reduced Inflammatory Stress
LC or creatine supplementation provides an effective adjuvant or therapeutic regimen that significantly reduces oxidative and inflammatory stress
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
expert-recommended dose
L-Carnitine→Reduced Muscle Wasting
evades comorbidities such as tiredness, impaired cognition, muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle wasting
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
expert-recommended dose
L-Carnitine→Reduced Muscle Weakness
evades comorbidities such as tiredness, impaired cognition, muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle wasting
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
expert-recommended dose
L-Carnitine→Reduced Myalgia
evades comorbidities such as tiredness, impaired cognition, muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle wasting
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
expert-recommended dose
L-Carnitine→Reduced Oxidative Stress
LC or creatine supplementation provides an effective adjuvant or therapeutic regimen that significantly reduces oxidative and inflammatory stress
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
expert-recommended dose
L-Carnitine→Reduced Tiredness
evades comorbidities such as tiredness, impaired cognition, muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle wasting
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Dose
expert-recommended dose