L-cystine alleviates necrotizing enterocolitis by regulating ferroptosis and Th17 cell differentiation via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.
- 2025-12-29
- Communications biology 9(1)
- PubMed: 41466058
- DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-09438-1
Study Design
- Population
- colonic epithelial cells and hypothermic hypoxia-induced NEC mice (both sexes)
- Methods
- In vitro and in vivo experiments using LPS-stimulated colonic epithelial cells and hypothermic hypoxia-induced NEC mice; L-cystine treatment; assessments of Th17/Treg balance, ferroptosis, IL-6 signaling, and conditioned medium experiments.
- Funding
- Unclear
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) severely affects preterm infants with limited treatments. Although intestinal homeostasis dysfunction is considered a trigger for NEC, the key targets and mechanisms remain unclear. Using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated colonic epithelial cells and hypothermic hypoxia-induced NEC mice (both sexes), we demonstrate that the gut metabolite L-cystine alleviates intestinal inflammation by balancing Th17/Treg responses and inhibiting ferroptosis. Mechanistically, L-cystine directly targets KIF11 to suppress RC3H1 expression, blocking IL-6 transcripts through transcriptional modifications, thereby inhibiting IL-6 secretion and ferroptosis. Conditioned medium from L-cystine-treated cells inactivates IL-6/STAT3 signaling, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release and restoring Th17/Treg balance. Notably, microbiota colonization from NEC preterm infants exacerbates intestinal damage, an effect mitigated by L-cystine and IL-6/STAT3 inhibition. Thus, L-cystine attenuates NEC by suppressing ferroptosis in epithelial cells, restoring immune homeostasis, and preserving intestinal barrier integrity. Targeting intestinal metabolites represents a promising prophylactic and therapeutic strategy for NEC, addressing unmet clinical needs in neonatal intestinal injury management.
Research Insights
| Supplement | Dose | Health Outcome | Effect Type | Effect Size | Source |
|---|