Lactobacillus crispatus mediates anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 induction in response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in vitro.
- 2015-12
- International Journal of Medical Microbiology 305(8)
- A. Rizzo
- M. Fiorentino
- E. Buommino
- G. Donnarumma
- A. Losacco
- N. Bevilacqua
- PubMed: 26372530
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.07.005
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, a human pathogen, is a Gram-negative bacillus and a compulsory intracellular parasite. It is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in both industrialized and developing countries. In women, untreated genital infections can result in devastating consequences such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and even infertility. Lactobacillus crispatus is an important urogenital species that is routinely found in the vagina of healthy women. Lactobacilli are involved in the maintenance of the normal vaginal microbiota and their dominance in the vagina suggests that they play a crucial role in protecting the genitourinary tract against pathological conditions. Lactobacilli can act through the activation of the immune system, but C. trachomatis is able to effectively evade immune surveillance in some individuals. The aim of our study was to investigate the immunomodulatory efficacy of the potential probiotic strain L. crispatus in HeLa and J774 cells subjected to C. trachomatis infection by studying the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-10. Our results demonstrated, firstly, the lack of any cytotoxic effect on the epithelial cells and macrophages when treated with L. crispatus and its supernatant; in addition, L. crispatus and its supernatant inhibited C. trachomatis adhesion and infectivity in human epithelial cells and macrophages. Our study then showed that L. crispatus and its supernatant reduced IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α production in C. trachomatis-infected HeLa and J774 cells. In contrast, a significant upregulation of the IL-10 expression in HeLa and J774 cells by L. crispatus and supernatant was also demonstrated. Our data indicate that L. crispatus specifically enhances the production of the IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine in contrast to the inhibitory effect of L. crispatus on the pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis; IL-10; IL-6; IL-8; Lactobacillus crispatus; TNF-α.
Research Insights
| Supplement | Health Outcome | Effect Type | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus crispatus | Increased Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-10 | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus | Reduced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Release | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus LBV 88 | Increased Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus LBV 88 | Reduced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Release | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus LBV88 | Increased IL-10 Production | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus LCr86 | Increased Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus LCr86 | Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus LV5 88 | Increased IL-10 Production | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus UALcr-35 | Increased IL-10 Production | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus VPro 31 | Increased Production of Anti-inflammatory Cytokine IL-10 | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus crispatus VPro 31 | Reduced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production | Beneficial | Moderate |