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Lipidomic changes of LDL after consumption of Camelina sativa oil, fatty fish and lean fish in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism-A randomized controlled trial.

  • 2021-09
  • Journal of clinical lipidology 15(5)
    • Arja T Erkkilä
    • Suvi Manninen
    • Linda Fredrikson
    • Monika Bhalke
    • Minna Holopainen
    • Maija Ruuth
    • Maria Lankinen
    • Reijo Käkelä
    • Katariina Öörni
    • Ursula S Schwab

Study Design

Type
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Sample size
n = 40
Population
79 adults with impaired glucose tolerance (39 women, 40 men)
Methods
Randomized to 4 groups: Camelina sativa oil (10 g/d ALA), fatty fish (4 fish meals/wk), lean fish (4 fish meals/wk), or control limiting fish and ALA; 12-week parallel trial
Duration
12 weeks

Background

There is little knowledge on the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) on the LDL lipidome and aggregation of LDL particles.

Objective

We examined if consumption of Camelina sativa oil (CSO) as a source of ALA, fatty fish (FF) as a source of n-3 LCPUFA and lean fish (LF) as a source of fish protein affect the lipidome of LDL as compared to a control diet.

Methods

Participants with impaired glucose tolerance (39 women and 40 men) were randomized to 4 study groups (CSO providing 10 g/d ALA, FF and LF [both 4 fish meals/wk] and control limiting their fish and ALA intake) in a 12-week, parallel trial. Diets were instructed and dietary fats were provided to the participants. The lipidome of LDL particles isolated from samples collected at baseline and after intervention was analyzed with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

In the CSO group, the relative concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated cholesteryl ester species in LDL decreased and the species with ALA increased. In the FF group, LDL phosphatidylcholine (PC) species containing n-3 LCPUFA increased. There was a significant positive correlation between the change in total sphingomyelin and change in LDL aggregation, while total PC and triunsaturated PC species were inversely associated with LDL aggregation when all the study participants were included in the analysis.

Conclusion

Dietary intake of CSO and FF modifies the LDL lipidome to contain more polyunsaturated and less saturated lipid species. The LDL surface lipids are associated with LDL aggregation.

Research Insights

  • Salmon→Modified LDL Phosphatidylcholine Composition

    In the FF group, LDL phosphatidylcholine (PC) species containing n-3 LCPUFA increased.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    4 fish meals/wk
  • Salmon→Reduced LDL Aggregation

    There was a significant positive correlation between the change in total sphingomyelin and change in LDL aggregation, while total PC and triunsaturated PC species were inversely associated with LDL aggregation when all the study participants were included in the analysis.

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    4 fish meals/wk
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