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N-acetyl cysteine versus standard of care for non-acetaminophen induced acute liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  • 2021-09
  • Annals of hepatology 24
    • Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
    • Pravash Budhathoki
    • Yub Raj Sedhai
    • Anurag Adhikari
    • Ayusha Poudel
    • Barun Aryal
    • Ramkaji Baniya

Study Design

Type
Meta-Analysis
Sample size
n = 11
Population
patients with non-acetaminophen induced acute liver injury
Methods
Meta-analysis of 11 studies, searched electronic databases up to Oct 25, 2020, analyzed using RevMan v5.4
Funding
Unclear
The role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of acetaminophen induced acute liver injury (ALI) is well established but its role in non-acetaminophen induced ALI is still elusive. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the role of NAC in non-acetaminophen induced ALI. We searched electronic databases for studies published till Oct 25, 2020. We used RevMan v5.4 software to analyze the data extracted from selected studies by using Covidence systematic review software. Outcome estimation was done using Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity in various studies was determined using the I2 test. A total of 11 studies were included in quantitative analysis. Use of NAC in non-acetaminophen induced ALI showed 53% reduction in mortality compared to standard of care (OR, 0.47; CI, 0.29-0.75) and reduced mean duration of hospital stay by 6.52 days (95% CI, -12.91 to -0.13). Similarly, the rate of encephalopathy was 59% lower in the treatment group (OR, 0.41; CI, 0.20-0.83). However, the risk of developing nausea and vomiting (OR, 3.99; CI, 1.42-11.19), and the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 3.88; CI, 1.14-13.29) were significantly higher in the treatment group. These findings conclude use of NAC decreases mortality and hepatic encephalopathy compared to standard of care in patients with non-acetaminophen induced ALI. Although there is an increased risk of nausea and vomiting with the use of NAC, the majority of adverse events are transient and minor.

Research Insights

Adverse Events Reported

  • N-Acetyl Cysteine→mechanical ventilation

    the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 3.88; CI, 1.14-13.29) were significantly higher in the treatment group.

    Finding
    Increased risk
    Magnitude
    OR 3.88; CI, 1.14-13.29
    Significant
    Yes
  • N-Acetyl Cysteine→nausea and vomiting

    the risk of developing nausea and vomiting (OR, 3.99; CI, 1.42-11.19) were significantly higher in the treatment group.

    Finding
    Increased risk
    Magnitude
    OR 3.99; CI, 1.42-11.19
    Significant
    Yes
  • N-Acetyl Cysteine→Overall tolerability

    the majority of adverse events are transient and minor.

    Finding
    Reported
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