New Wild-Type Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Strains as Candidates to Manage Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been dramatically increased in developed countries, and beyond the genetic impact, environmental factors, including diet, seem to play an important role in the onset and development of the disease. In this vein, five Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, isolated from traditional fermented Greek products, were screened for potential probiotic properties, aiming at maintaining gut homeostasis and antidiabetic capability to alleviate T1D symptoms. L. rhamnosus cell-free supernatants induced strong growth inhibitory activity against common food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic microorganisms, associated with several diseases, including T1D, and were also able to inhibit α-glucosidase activity (up to 44.87%), a promising property for alternatives to the antidiabetic drugs. In addition, survival rates up to 36.76% were recorded during the application of the static in vitro digestion model. The strains had no hemolytic activity and were sensitive to common antibiotics suggested by the European Food and Safety Association, apart from chloramphenicol. However, it is highly unlikely that the resistance has been acquired. In conclusion, our results suggest a great health-promoting potential of the newly isolated wild-type L. rhamnosus strains, but further confirmation of their efficiency in experimental animal models is considered an essential next research step.

Keywords: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; foodborne pathogens; probiotics; type 1 diabetes; α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.