Osteoporotic osseointegration: therapeutic hallmarks and engineering strategies.

2024
Theranostics 14(10)

PubMed: 38994021
DOI: 10.7150/thno.96516

Study Design

Type: Review
Methods: This review proposes twelve microenvironmental treatment targets for osteoporosis-related pathological changes and examines the current research status of effective or potential biophysical and biochemical stimuli.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Current treatments primarily involve systemic medication and hormone therapy. However, these systemic treatments lack directionality and are often ineffective for locally severe osteoporosis, with the potential for complex adverse reactions. Consequently, treatment strategies using bioactive materials or external interventions have emerged as the most promising approaches. This review proposes twelve microenvironmental treatment targets for osteoporosis-related pathological changes, including local accumulation of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS), imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, insulin resistance, disruption of bone cell autophagy, imbalance of bone cell apoptosis, changes in neural secretions, aging of bone cells, increased local bone tissue vascular destruction, and decreased regeneration. Additionally, this review examines the current research status of effective or potential biophysical and biochemical stimuli based on these microenvironmental treatment targets and summarizes the advantages and optimal parameters of different bioengineering stimuli to support preclinical and clinical research on osteoporosis treatment and bone regeneration. Finally, the review addresses ongoing challenges and future research prospects.

Research Insights

Supplement	Dose	Health Outcome	Effect Type	Effect Size	Source
Bacillus clausii SC-109	—	Improved Bone Regeneration	Beneficial	Moderate	View source This review proposes twelve microenvironmental treatment targets for osteoporosis-related pathological changes... and summarizes the advantages and optimal parameters of different bioengineering stimuli to support preclinical and clinical research on osteoporosis treatment and bone regeneration.