Safety and Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei TISTR 2593 Supplementation on Improving Cholesterol Metabolism and Atherosclerosis-Related Parameters in Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
- 2023-01-28
- Nutrients 15(3)
- Jurairat Khongrum
- P. Yingthongchai
- K. Boonyapranai
- Wachira Wongtanasarasin
- Paitoon Aobchecy
- Suriya Tateing
- A. Prachansuwan
- Jaruwan Sitdhipol
- K. Niwasabutra
- Punnathon Thaveethaptaikul
- P. Phapugrangkul
- Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- PubMed: 36771367
- DOI: 10.3390/nu15030661
Abstract
Probiotics have the potential as a multi-target approach to modulate hypercholesterolemia associated with premature atherosclerosis. Various strains of Lactobacillus paracasei have been reported to affect hypercholesterolemia positively. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L. paracasei TISTR 2593 on lipid profile, cholesterol metabolism, and atherosclerosis according to the registration of Thai Clinical Trial Registry as identification number TCTR 20220917002. A total of 50 participants with hypercholesterolemia were randomly and equally assigned to consume L. paracasei TISTR 2593 or a placebo in maltodextrin capsules daily. Biomarkers of lipid profiles, oxidative stress state, inflammatory state, and other biological indicators were examined on days 0, 45, and 90. The results showed that subjects taking the L. paracasei TISTR 2593 could significantly reduce the level of serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (p < 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.01). Moreover, L. paracasei TISTR 2593 increased the level of serum apolipoprotein E (p < 0.01) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) significantly. No changes in serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, total bile acids, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were observed during L. paracasei TISTR 2593 supplementation. Therefore, L. paracasei TISTR 2593 could be an adjuvant probiotic supplement to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia and prevent or delay the development of atherosclerosis.
Keywords: Lactobacillus paracasei; apolipoprotein E; clinical trial; hypercholesterolemia; inflammation; oxidative stress; probiotics.
Research Insights
| Supplement | Health Outcome | Effect Type | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus paracasei | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei | Reduced Malondialdehyde Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei | Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei 431 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei 431 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei 431 | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei 431 | Reduced Serum Malondialdehyde Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei 431 | Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 | Reduced Hepatic Oxidative Stress | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 | Reduced Inflammation Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | No Change in HDL Cholesterol | Neutral | Small |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | No Change in Serum Triglycerides | Neutral | Small |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | No Improvement in Total Cholesterol | Neutral | Small |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Reduced Serum Malondialdehyde Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Unchanged Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels | Neutral | Small |
| Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Unchanged Total Bile Acids Levels | Neutral | Small |
| Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 | Reduced Hepatic Oxidative Stress | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 | Reduced Inflammatory Response | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei LPC09 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei LPC09 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei LPC09 | Reduced LDL Cholesterol Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei LPC09 | Reduced Malondialdehyde Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei LPC09 | Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 | Reduced Malondialdehyde Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 | Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei UALpc-04 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei UALpc-04 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei UALpc-04 | Reduced Hepatic Oxidative Stress | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei UALpc-04 | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei UALpc-04 | Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei UALpc-04 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei UALpc-04 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei UALpc-04 | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei UALpc-04 | Reduced Malondialdehyde Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei UALpc-04 | Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei VPro 224 | Increased Adiponectin Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei VPro 224 | Increased Apolipoprotein E Levels | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei VPro 224 | Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level | Beneficial | Moderate |
| Lactobacillus paracasei VPro 224 | Reduced Serum Malondialdehyde Levels | Beneficial | Large |
| Lactobacillus paracasei VPro 224 | Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | Beneficial | Moderate |