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Suppression of Oral Sweet Sensations during Consumption of Sweet Food in Humans: Effects on Gastric Emptying Rate, Glycemic Response, Appetite, Food Satisfaction and Desire for Basic Tastes.

  • 2020-04-28
  • Nutrients 12(5)
    • Naomi Kashima
    • Kanako Kimura
    • Natsumi Nishitani
    • Masako Yamaoka Endo
    • Yoshiyuki Fukuba
    • Hideaki Kashima

Study Design

Type
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Population
15 healthy subjects (22 ± 3 years, 9 women)
Methods
Subjects rinsed their mouth with either GS solution or distilled water before eating the sweet-tasting food
  • Rigorous Journal
Suppression of oral sweet sensation (OSS) acutely reduces intake of sweet-tasting food due to lower liking. However, little is known about other physiological responses during both the prandial and postprandial phase. Here, we explored the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS)-based suppression of OSS of several types of sweet-tasting food (muffin, sweet yogurt, banana) on gastric emptying, blood glucose (BG), plasma insulin (PI), appetite indices (hunger, fullness and prospective consumption), satisfaction and desire for tastes. Fifteen healthy subjects (22 ± 3 years, 9 women) took part in the study. Subjects rinsed their mouth with either GS solution or distilled water before eating the sweet-tasting food. Subjects felt decreased sweet taste intensity and reduced taste liking associated with GS rinsing after consuming each food, compared with rinsing with distilled water (p < 0.05). Gastric emptying, BG, PI and appetite indices during and after the prandial phase did not significantly change with GS rinsing compared to rinsing with distilled water (p > 0.05). Higher desire for sweet taste as well as lower satisfaction (p < 0.05) in the postprandial phase were observed with GS rinsing. These results suggest that the suppression of OSS does not affect gastric emptying, glycemic response and appetite during and after consumption of sweet-tasting food.

Research Insights

  • Gymnema→Reduced Appetite

    Gastric emptying, BG, PI and appetite indices during and after the prandial phase did not significantly change with GS rinsing compared to rinsing with distilled water (p > 0.05).

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    mouth rinse with Gymnema sylvestre solution
  • Gymnema→Reduced Blood Glucose Levels

    Gastric emptying, BG, PI and appetite indices during and after the prandial phase did not significantly change with GS rinsing compared to rinsing with distilled water (p > 0.05).

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    mouth rinse with Gymnema sylvestre solution
  • Gymnema→Reduced Gastric Emptying Rate

    Gastric emptying, BG, PI and appetite indices during and after the prandial phase did not significantly change with GS rinsing compared to rinsing with distilled water (p > 0.05).

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    mouth rinse with Gymnema sylvestre solution
  • Gymnema→Reduced Insulin Level

    Gastric emptying, BG, PI and appetite indices during and after the prandial phase did not significantly change with GS rinsing compared to rinsing with distilled water (p > 0.05).

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    mouth rinse with Gymnema sylvestre solution
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