The effect of Pediococcus acidilactici on mucosal immune responses, growth, and reproductive performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2020-11-26
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 47(1)
- M. M. Arani
- A. Salati
- S. Keyvanshokooh
- O. Safari

PubMed: 33242190
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00903-8

Study Design

Type: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Population: Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Methods: Controlled experimental study

Animal Study

Abstract

A completely randomized experimental design carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) including 0 (basal diet as a control diet), 1 × 106, 2 × 106, 4 × 106, and 8 × 106 colony-forming unit (CFU) per gram of the diet for 60 days on the mucosal immunity responses, growth, and reproductive performance, in zebrafish, Danio rerio (with mean weigh ± SE: 120 ± 10 mg). The obtained results revealed that the best growth and reproduction indices were related to the concentration of 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05). The maximum activities of mucosal immune responses including total protein, alternative complement system, IgM, and lysozyme were observed in the fish fed with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the maximum alkaline phosphatase activity of skin mucus was recorded in the fish fed with 8 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05). Fish fed with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet had the highest villus length and width of the intestine (P < 0.05). Supplementing the diet with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet more significantly enhanced Cyp19a gene expression in comparison with this in other groups. Hence, PA with a concentration of 4 × 106 CFU g-1 diet can be considered as a proper level of probiotic for improving the health, growth, and reproductive performance of the D. rerio.

Keywords: Mucosal immunity; Pediococcus acidilactici; Reproduction; Zebrafish.

Research Insights

Pediococcus acidilactici KABP-021→Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase Levels
Furthermore, the maximum alkaline phosphatase activity of skin mucus was recorded in the fish fed with 8 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Pediococcus acidilactici KABP-021→Enhanced Mucosal Immune Response
The maximum activities of mucosal immune responses including total protein, alternative complement system, IgM, and lysozyme were observed in the fish fed with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Pediococcus acidilactici KABP-021→Improved Intestinal Villus Morphology
Fish fed with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet had the highest villus length and width of the intestine (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Pediococcus acidilactici MAK92P26A→Enhanced Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
The maximum alkaline phosphatase activity of skin mucus was recorded in the fish fed with 8 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Pediococcus acidilactici MAK92P26A→Enhanced Mucosal Immune Function
The maximum activities of mucosal immune responses including total protein, alternative complement system, IgM, and lysozyme were observed in the fish fed with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Large
Pediococcus acidilactici MAK92P26A→Improved Growth Rate
The best growth and reproduction indices were related to the concentration of 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Large
Pediococcus acidilactici MAK92P26A→Improved Intestinal Function
Fish fed with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet had the highest villus length and width of the intestine (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Large
Pediococcus acidilactici MAK92P26A→Improved Productive Performance
The best growth and reproduction indices were related to the concentration of 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Large
Pediococcus acidilactici VPro29→Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase Levels
Furthermore, the maximum alkaline phosphatase activity of skin mucus was recorded in the fish fed with 8 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
Pediococcus acidilactici VPro29→Enhanced Mucosal Immune Response
The maximum activities of mucosal immune responses including total protein, alternative complement system, IgM, and lysozyme were observed in the fish fed with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Pediococcus acidilactici VPro29→Improved Gastrointestinal Health
Fish fed with 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet had the highest villus length and width of the intestine (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Large
Pediococcus acidilactici VPro29→Improved Growth Indices
The obtained results revealed that the best growth and reproduction indices were related to the concentration of 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Large
Pediococcus acidilactici VPro29→Improved Productive Performance
The best growth and reproduction indices were related to the concentration of 4 × 106 CFU PA g-1 diet (P < 0.05).
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Large