The effects of kiwifruit consumption on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2024-08-09
Food science & nutrition 12(10)
- Pedram Pam
- Mohammad Ali Goudarzi
- Shirin Ghotboddin Mohammadi
- Omid Asbaghi
- Ladan Aghakhani
- Cain C T Clark
- Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Neda Haghighat

PubMed: 39479621
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4385

Study Design

Type: Review
Population: adults
Methods: systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs; searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus up to August 2023; random-effects model for WMD and 95% CI

The current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of kiwifruit intake on anthropometric indices and key cardiometabolic parameters. Related articles were found by searching PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus to detect relevant Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) and novel systematic reviews relating to kiwi consumption in adults, up to August 2023. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were assessed and reported using standard methods. Six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Analyzing overall effect sizes demonstrated a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels (WMD: -9.30 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.56 to -1.04, p = .027), whereas no significant alterations of triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -12.91 mg/dL; 95% CI: -28.17 to 2.34, p = .097), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -7.66 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.85 to 2.52, p = .141), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (WMD: 2.87 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.36 to 6.11, p = .141), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: 1.06 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.43 to 3.56, p = .404), C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: 0.15 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.40, 0.70, p = .0598), body weight (BW) (WMD: 0.85 kg; 95% CI: -1.34 to 3.04, p = .448), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: 0.04 kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.75 to 0.83, p = .920), and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: 0.18 cm; 95% CI: -1.81 to 2.19, p = .855) were found. Our findings suggest that consuming kiwifruit does not have a significant impact on anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic factors, except for LDL-C levels.

Research Insights

kiwi→Increased HDL Cholesterol Levels
no significant alterations of ... high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (WMD: 2.87 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.36 to 6.11, p = .141)
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
kiwi→Reduced Blood Cholesterol
no significant alterations of ... total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -7.66 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.85 to 2.52, p = .141)
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
kiwi→Reduced Body Mass Index
body mass index (BMI) (WMD: 0.04 kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.75 to 0.83, p = .920)
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
kiwi→Reduced Body Weight
body weight (BW) (WMD: 0.85 kg; 95% CI: -1.34 to 3.04, p = .448)
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
kiwi→Reduced C-Reactive Protein Levels
C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: 0.15 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.40, 0.70, p = .0598)
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
kiwi→Reduced Fasting Blood Glucose Levels
no significant alterations of ... fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: 1.06 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.43 to 3.56, p = .404)
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
kiwi→Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level
demonstrated a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels (WMD: -9.30 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.56 to -1.04, p = .027)
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Small
kiwi→Reduced Triglyceride Levels
no significant alterations of triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -12.91 mg/dL; 95% CI: -28.17 to 2.34, p = .097)
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small
kiwi→Reduced Waist Circumference
waist circumference (WC) (WMD: 0.18 cm; 95% CI: -1.81 to 2.19, p = .855)
Effect
Neutral
Effect size
Small