The Role of Probiotics Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus johnsonii in Inhibziting Pathogens, Maintaining Gut Health, and Improving Disease Outcomes.

2026-02-04
International journal of molecular sciences 27(3)
- Li Li
- Xiangqi Qiu
- Shengyong Lu
- Haitao Yu
- Panpan Lu
- Sumei Zeng
- Aihua Deng
- Min Zhu
- E Xu
- Jin Niu

PubMed: 41683964
DOI: 10.3390/ijms27031545

Study Design

Type: Review
Methods: Herein, we summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains

Rigorous Journal

As the critical component of the gastrointestinal tract, which lives in trillions of gut microorganisms, in a healthy state, the host interacts with the gut microbiota and is symbiotic. The species Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus johnsonii are indigenous gut commensal bacteria that are mainly found in the digestive tracts. These three bacteria possess a variety of characteristics that reflect their ability to adapt to the gastrointestinal environment. Herein, we summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains in terms of their ability to protect against harmful pathogens, maintain intestinal health, and improve disease outcomes. These bacteria can impact the intestinal barrier function and enhance intestinal immunity through various mechanisms, such as upregulating the tight-junction protein expression and mucin secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, adjusting and balancing the gut microbiota, and blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine production. They have been shown to ameliorate intestinal inflammation in animal models and provide protective effects against various healthy issues in humans, including diarrhea, constipation, colorectal cancer, obesity, and liver diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of certain strains remain unclear.

Research Insights

Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475→Improved Bone Health
Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 consumption was associated with improved bone outcomes in clinical research, including increased bone density and/or reduced bone loss.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14→Improved Clinical Outcomes
They have been shown to ameliorate intestinal inflammation in animal models and provide protective effects against various healthy issues in humans, including diarrhea, constipation, colorectal cancer, obesity, and liver diseases.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14→Improved Intestinal Health
Herein, we summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains in terms of their ability to protect against harmful pathogens, maintain intestinal health, and improve disease outcomes.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14→Reduced Pathogen Colonization
These bacteria can impact the intestinal barrier function and enhance intestinal immunity through various mechanisms, such as upregulating the tight-junction protein expression and mucin secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, adjusting and balancing the gut microbiota, and blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus salivarius LS-33→Improved Intestinal Health
Herein, we summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains in terms of their ability to protect against harmful pathogens, maintain intestinal health, and improve disease outcomes.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118→Improved Clinical Outcomes
They have been shown to ameliorate intestinal inflammation in animal models and provide protective effects against various healthy issues in humans, including diarrhea, constipation, colorectal cancer, obesity, and liver diseases.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118→Improved Gut Health
they summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains in terms of their ability to protect against harmful pathogens, maintain intestinal health, and improve disease outcomes.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate
Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118→Reduced Pathogenic Load
These bacteria can impact the intestinal barrier function and enhance intestinal immunity through various mechanisms, such as upregulating the tight-junction protein expression and mucin secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, adjusting and balancing the gut microbiota, and blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
Effect
Beneficial
Effect size
Moderate