The Role of Probiotics Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus johnsonii in Inhibziting Pathogens, Maintaining Gut Health, and Improving Disease Outcomes.

2026-02-04
International journal of molecular sciences 27(3)

PubMed: 41683964
DOI: 10.3390/ijms27031545

Study Design

Type: Review
Methods: Herein, we summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains

Rigorous Journal

As the critical component of the gastrointestinal tract, which lives in trillions of gut microorganisms, in a healthy state, the host interacts with the gut microbiota and is symbiotic. The species Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus johnsonii are indigenous gut commensal bacteria that are mainly found in the digestive tracts. These three bacteria possess a variety of characteristics that reflect their ability to adapt to the gastrointestinal environment. Herein, we summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains in terms of their ability to protect against harmful pathogens, maintain intestinal health, and improve disease outcomes. These bacteria can impact the intestinal barrier function and enhance intestinal immunity through various mechanisms, such as upregulating the tight-junction protein expression and mucin secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, adjusting and balancing the gut microbiota, and blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine production. They have been shown to ameliorate intestinal inflammation in animal models and provide protective effects against various healthy issues in humans, including diarrhea, constipation, colorectal cancer, obesity, and liver diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of certain strains remain unclear.

Research Insights

Supplement	Dose	Health Outcome	Effect Type	Effect Size	Source
Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475	—	Improved Bone Health	Beneficial	Moderate	View source Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 consumption was associated with improved bone outcomes in clinical research, including increased bone density and/or reduced bone loss.
Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14	—	Improved Clinical Outcomes	Beneficial	Moderate	View source They have been shown to ameliorate intestinal inflammation in animal models and provide protective effects against various healthy issues in humans, including diarrhea, constipation, colorectal cancer, obesity, and liver diseases.
Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14	—	Improved Intestinal Health	Beneficial	Moderate	View source Herein, we summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains in terms of their ability to protect against harmful pathogens, maintain intestinal health, and improve disease outcomes.
Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14	—	Reduced Pathogen Colonization	Beneficial	Moderate	View source These bacteria can impact the intestinal barrier function and enhance intestinal immunity through various mechanisms, such as upregulating the tight-junction protein expression and mucin secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, adjusting and balancing the gut microbiota, and blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
Lactobacillus salivarius LS-33	—	Improved Intestinal Health	Beneficial	Moderate	View source Herein, we summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains in terms of their ability to protect against harmful pathogens, maintain intestinal health, and improve disease outcomes.
Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118	—	Improved Clinical Outcomes	Beneficial	Moderate	View source They have been shown to ameliorate intestinal inflammation in animal models and provide protective effects against various healthy issues in humans, including diarrhea, constipation, colorectal cancer, obesity, and liver diseases.
Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118	—	Improved Gut Health	Beneficial	Moderate	View source they summarize the current progress of research on the probiotic properties of these strains in terms of their ability to protect against harmful pathogens, maintain intestinal health, and improve disease outcomes.
Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118	—	Reduced Pathogen Load	Beneficial	Moderate	View source These bacteria can impact the intestinal barrier function and enhance intestinal immunity through various mechanisms, such as upregulating the tight-junction protein expression and mucin secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, adjusting and balancing the gut microbiota, and blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine production.