Research synthesisLow evidenceSmall effect3 studies · 1 beneficial · 2 neutral · 0 harmful
Across 3 randomized controlled trials, Vitamin E supplementation showed mixed effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. One small-to-moderate quality study (2025) in NASH patients reported a small beneficial reduction of 9.64% (p<0.05) with 400 IU twice daily over 182 days, while two other RCTs in hemodialysis and sarcopenic older women found no significant effect at doses of 600 IU and 335 mg/d, respectively. Overall, the evidence is limited and mixed, with effects typically observed at 56–182 days.
- Effective dose range: 335–800 IU/day
- Studied populations: patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hemodialysis patients, older women with sarcopenia
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Many of the included studies did not reach statistical significance — effect may be smaller than the predominant direction suggests. The only beneficial finding came from a 2025 NASH trial; the two neutral studies used different populations (hemodialysis, sarcopenic older women) and co-interventions (whey protein, resistance training), which may confound results.
Generated Jun 11, 2026