Research synthesisLow evidenceSmall effect3 studies · 1 beneficial · 2 neutral · 0 harmful
Across 3 randomized controlled trials, 1 found a small beneficial effect of vitamin E on reducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), while 2 found no significant effect. The predominant effect is neutral (no effect) or small when present, and effects were typically observed at 12 weeks (median study duration 84 days). Most studies used doses in the range of 400–800 IU/day in clinical populations (NASH, hemodialysis, sarcopenia).
- Effective dose range: 400–800 IU/day
- Studied populations: people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hemodialysis patients, older women with sarcopenia
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Many of the included studies did not reach statistical significance (2 of 3) — effect may be smaller than the predominant direction suggests. The single beneficial finding was observed in a NASH population; neutral results in other clinical groups indicate that the effect may be population-dependent.
Generated Jul 11, 2026