Across 3 studies, effect sizes were mixed: one moderate beneficial effect (significant reduction in total cholesterol) and two small neutral effects. The only trial with a specified dose used 50 g/day for 12 weeks in overweight/obese adults and found no benefit.
Studied populations: overweight/obese adults
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Many of the included studies did not reach statistical significance — effect may be smaller than the predominant direction suggests. The only beneficial study is a 2025 meta-analysis, but an earlier meta-analysis and an RCT found no significant effect, indicating inconsistency.
Generated Jul 9, 2026
Doses used in studies
g/day: 50 (median 50, IQR 50–50)— 1 study
Time to effect
Median: 2.8 months · IQR 2.8 months–2.8 months · Range 2.8 months–2.8 months— Reported in 1 of 3 studies
Pre-to-post measures of body composition, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood pressure, and lipoproteins did not differ between CS and P for both sexes.