Coffee, caffeine, and cardiovascular health: navigating risks and benefits-an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2026-05-07
- Meta-Analysis · n = 2
- BMC cardiovascular disorders 26(1)
- Eman E Shaban
- Hussam Elmelliti
- Ahmed Shaban
- Amira Shaban
- Ali Elkandow
- Mohamed Gafar Abdelrahim
- Hany A Zaki
- PubMed: 42098622
- DOI: 10.1186/s12872-026-05693-0
- High evidence
the pooled results showed a significant positive association between higher coffee consumption and the risk of developing MI (OR: 1.48; p < 0.0001).
- Effect
- Harmful
- Effect size
- Moderate
- Significant
- Yes