Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Insights From Indian Nephrology Experts.
- 2026-01-28
- Review
- Cureus 18(1)
- Pankaj Beniwal
- Manish Singla
- Deba Prasad Kar
- Vinant Bhargava
- Naman Chandra
- D K Sinha
- Vivek Ruhela
- Rathan Jha
- Rajesh Joseph
- Vishnu Rs
- Nitin Bhosle
- Kapil Mehta
- Sarita Bajpai
- PubMed: 41769608
- DOI: 10.7759/cureus.102520
- Low evidence
Studies indicate that these probiotics reduce uremic toxin levels, such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, blood urea nitrogen, urea, and creatinine levels
- Effect
- Beneficial
- Effect size
- Moderate