Effect of Probiotic and Synbiotic Oral Supplementation in Autoimmune Diseases: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- 2026-03-30
- Meta-Analysis · n = 703
- Nutrients 18(7)
- Yuan-Yow Chiou
- Tsu-Yun Chiu
- Mei-Ju Chen
- PubMed: 41978157
- DOI: 10.3390/nu18071107
- High evidence
- Rigorous Journal
Significant reductions were observed in levels of IL-6 (pooled standardized mean difference [pSMD] = -0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.30, -0.37), IL-10 (pSMD = -0.30; 95% CI: -0.61, -0.00), TNFα (pSMD = -0.41; 95% CI: -0.77, -0.06), and hs-CRP (pSMD = -0.71; 95% CI: -1.18, -0.23) in patients taking probiotic supplementation.
- Effect
- Beneficial
- Effect size
- Moderate
- Significant
- Yes