Across 3 studies, all reported beneficial small-sized effects on skin barrier function. Only 1 of these studies achieved statistical significance. The evidence is limited to two small RCTs and one review, with no consistent dose or form reported.
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Available evidence is overwhelmingly positive but subject to publication bias. Additionally, only one of the three studies reported statistically significant results, suggesting the effect may be smaller than the predominant direction indicates. No information on effective dose or form is available from these studies.
Cheek skin moisture and transepidermal water loss improved for both groups after the intervention.
The skin sebum content increased in both the live cell (p < 0.0001) and the dead cell group (p < 0.0001), suggesting potential improvements in skin barrier functions.
postbiotics were found to accelerate wound closure, stimulate collagen synthesis, and improve barrier integrity