Across 3 studies, 2 reported beneficial effects (1 moderate, 1 small) and 1 reported a neutral effect on gut microbiota modulation with Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118. The predominant effect size is small to moderate, though no findings reached statistical significance. All studies were review articles lacking original dose, form, and population details, so no specific dose range or population can be identified.
Caveats: Evidence base is small (only 3 studies) — conclusions should be considered preliminary. Many of the included studies did not reach statistical significance — effect may be smaller than the predominant direction suggests. All studies are narrative reviews rather than original trials, which limits causal inference and grade of evidence. No dose, form, or duration data were reported across studies, making practical guidance impossible.
bacteriocin-producing probiotic lactic acid bacteria in the modulation of gut microbiota correcting dysbiosis
live probiotic bacteria present in some food products (which transit through the GIT) have been shown to interact with the host immune system and confer several health benefits
using dietary supplements, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to target the gut microbiota to regulate the disordered gut microbiota would become a potential method that benefits for preventing and treating GDM