There are several types of laxatives, each working in different ways to relieve constipation. Here are some examples:

1. Bulk-forming Laxatives: These increase the bulk of stools by absorbing liquid in the intestines, which helps stimulate bowel movements. Examples include:

   • Psyllium (e.g., Metamucil)
   • Calcium polycarbophil (e.g., FiberCon)
   • Methylcellulose (e.g., Citrucel)

2. Osmotic Laxatives: These draw water into the bowel from surrounding tissues, softening the stool and increasing bowel movement. Examples include:

   • Magnesium hydroxide (e.g., Milk of Magnesia)
   • Lactulose
   • Polyethylene glycol (e.g., Miralax)

3. Stimulant Laxatives: These stimulate the intestinal muscles to improve stool passage. Examples include:

   • Bisacodyl (e.g., Dulcolax)
   • Sennosides (e.g., Senokot)
   • Sodium picosulfate

4. Lubricant Laxatives: These coat the bowel and stool with a waterproof film, keeping moisture in the stool. Examples include:

   • Mineral oil

5. Stool Softeners: These help fluids to mix with stool, making it softer and easier to pass. Examples include:

   • Docusate sodium (e.g., Colace)
   • Docusate calcium

6. Enemas and Suppositories: These are administered rectally to help pass stool. Enemas might use fluids such as tap water or mineral oil, while suppositories might contain osmotic or stimulant ingredients¹²³.

Footnotes

1. Mayo Clinic - Nonprescription laxatives for constipation: Use with caution ↩

2. Mayo Clinic - Constipation - Diagnosis and treatment ↩

3. NHS - Bisacodyl: a laxative taken to treat constipation ↩