Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used over-the-counter medication noted for its pain-relieving and fever-reducing capabilities¹. It's commonly used for various conditions, including headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, backaches, toothaches, colds, and fevers[^1,^2].

Benefits

1. Pain Relief: Paracetamol is effective for mild to moderate pain, including headaches, muscle aches, and even post-surgical pain². It is often the first line of treatment recommended for conditions like osteoarthritis and back pain³.
2. Fever Reduction: It helps in lowering high body temperatures associated with fever¹.
3. Safety: Generally considered safer than NSAIDs as it lacks anti-inflammatory properties that can cause stomach-related issues³.

Side Effects

While paracetamol is safe for most people when taken at recommended doses, there are potential side effects and risks, particularly with overuse:

1. Liver Damage: Excessive intake can lead to severe liver damage and potentially acute liver failure[^3,^4]. It is crucial to adhere to the recommended dosage and avoid combining it with other medicines containing paracetamol.
2. Kidney Issues: Prolonged use at high doses can increase the risk of kidney damage³.
3. Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, or trouble breathing⁴.

Usage Guidelines

• The typical dose for adults is one or two 500mg tablets taken up to four times in 24 hours (maximum 8 tablets per day)².
• It can be taken with or without food.
• It is safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but with adherence to the recommended dose².

Paracetamol remains a principal option for pain relief and fever reduction, especially due to its safety profile when used appropriately. However, its efficacy and potential risks, particularly for chronic use, should be carefully weighed⁵.

Footnotes

1. NHS - Paracetamol for adults ↩ ↩²

2. NHS - Common questions about paracetamol for adults ↩ ↩² ↩³

3. Mayo Clinic - Taking pills for chronic pain? ↩ ↩² ↩³

4. Long‐term adverse effects of paracetamol – a review ↩

5. Paracetamol: A Review of Guideline Recommendations ↩