Cognitive supplements are dietary supplements that aim to enhance cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and overall mental performance. Here are some commonly discussed cognitive supplements and their potential effects:

1. Multivitamins: There is some evidence suggesting that multivitamins can enhance immediate free recall memory, although they do not appear to impact other aspects of cognitive function such as delayed recall or verbal fluency¹.

2. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Known for their anti-inflammatory properties, omega-3s, particularly DHA, have been studied for their potential to support cognitive health and may play a role in preserving brain function in aging populations².

3. Ginkgo Biloba: This herbal supplement is often used with the aim of improving memory and cognitive speed. However, the evidence supporting its effectiveness is mixed and further research is needed².

4. Tyrosine and Caffeine: These have been reported to potentially enhance cognitive performance, especially in contexts of sleep deprivation, such as in military personnel. Caffeine, in particular, is noted for improving vigilance and attention³.

5. Vitamin B12 and Folate: These are critical for maintaining healthy brain function and may help in reducing the risk of cognitive decline².

6. Antioxidants: These include vitamins C and E, which are thought to protect the brain from oxidative stress, although the evidence for their efficacy in cognitive improvement is varied².

While some supplements show promise, it is important to approach them with caution due to potential safety concerns, interactions with medications, and variability in individual response. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Footnotes

1. Natalie A Grima, "The effects of multivitamins on cognitive performance", PubMed. ↩

2. Mónika Fekete, "Improving Cognitive Function with Nutritional Supplements", PubMed. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴

3. Diane E. Pomeroy, "Dietary Supplements on Cognitive Performance", PubMed Central. ↩