Acute effects of hemp protein consumption on glycemic and satiety control: results of 2 randomized crossover trials.
- 2021-08
- Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme 46(8)
- Rebecca C Mollard
- Alie Johnston
- Alejandra Serrano Leon
- Haizhou Wang
- Peter J Jones
- Dylan S MacKay
- PubMed: 33493023
- DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0907
Study Design
- Type
- Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
- Population
- 27 participants in experiment 1 and 16 participants in experiment 2
- Methods
- acute randomized repeated-measures crossover experiments; participants consumed isocaloric treatments of 40 g hemp protein, 20 g hemp protein, 40 g soybean protein, 20 g soybean protein, and a carbohydrate control
Research investigating hemp protein consumption on glycemic response is limited. The effects of hemp protein consumption on blood glucose (BG), insulin, and satiety compared with soybean protein and a carbohydrate control were examined. Two acute randomized repeated-measures crossover experiments were conducted. In both, participants consumed the following isocaloric treatments: 40 g of hemp protein (hemp40), 20 g of hemp protein (hemp20), 40 g of soybean protein (soy40), 20 g of soybean protein (soy20), and a carbohydrate control. In experiments 1 (n = 27) and 2 (n = 16), appetite and BG were measured before (0-60 min, pre-pizza) and after a pizza meal (80-200 min, post-pizza). In experiment 1, food intake was measured at 60 min by ad libitum meal; in experiment 2 a fixed meal was provided (based on body weight) and insulin was measured pre-pizza and post-pizza. In both experiments, BG response was affected by treatment (p < 0.01), time (p < 0.001) and time-by-treatment (p < 0.001) from 0-200 min. Protein treatments lowered 0-60-min BG overall mean and area under the curve compared with control (p < 0.05) dose-dependently. In experiment 2, hemp40 and soy40 lowered (p < 0.05) overall mean insulin concentrations compared with hemp20, soy20, and control pre-meal. Results suggest that hemp protein, like soybean, dose-dependently lowers postprandial BG and insulin concentrations compared with a carbohydrate control. Clinical trial registry: NCT02366598 (experiment 1) and NCT02458027 (experiment 2). Novelty: Hemp protein concentrate dose-dependently leads to lower postprandial BG response compared with a carbohydrate control. No differences were seen between hemp and soy protein.
Research Insights
hemp40 and soy40 lowered (p < 0.05) overall mean insulin concentrations compared with hemp20, soy20, and control pre-meal.
- Effect
- Beneficial
- Effect size
- Moderate
- Dose
- 20 g
Protein treatments lowered 0-60-min BG overall mean and area under the curve compared with control (p < 0.05) dose-dependently.
- Effect
- Beneficial
- Effect size
- Moderate
- Dose
- 20 g
hemp40 and soy40 lowered (p < 0.05) overall mean insulin concentrations compared with hemp20, soy20, and control pre-meal.
- Effect
- Beneficial
- Effect size
- Moderate
- Dose
- 20 g
Protein treatments lowered 0-60-min BG overall mean and area under the curve compared with control (p < 0.05) dose-dependently.
- Effect
- Beneficial
- Effect size
- Moderate
- Dose
- 20 g