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An Observational Study on the Association Between Nutritional Intake and Mental Health Among Older Adults in Rural Areas.

  • 2025-03
  • Nursing & health sciences 27(1)
    • Kyeongmin Jang

Study Design

Type
Observational
Sample size
n = 465
Population
465 individuals aged 65 and older in rural areas
Methods
Using data from the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), the nutritional intake of 465 individuals aged 65 and older was analyzed against recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Mental health was assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, with logistic regression identifying predictors of depressive symptoms.
Funding
Independent
This study examined the relationship between nutritional intake and mental health, focusing on depressive symptoms among older adults in rural areas. Using data from the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), the nutritional intake of 465 individuals aged 65 and older was analyzed against recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Mental health was assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, with logistic regression identifying predictors of depressive symptoms. Results showed deficiencies in essential vitamins, including A, B3 (niacin), C, D, and E. Higher intakes of niacin (≥ 5 mg/day) and Vitamin E (≥ 5 mg α-TE/day) were associated with reduced depressive symptoms. Energy, protein, and fiber intake also negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, emphasizing the importance of overall nutritional balance. Interestingly, Vitamin C intake was positively associated with anxiety symptoms, suggesting complex diet -mental health interactions. Implications for clinical practice highlight the importance of integrated nutritional screening and mental health interventions, particularly in underserved rural communities. However, given the observational nature of this study, further research is recommended to establish causality and explore the effectiveness of targeted supplementation programs.

Research Insights

  • Protein→Reduced Depression Symptoms

    Energy, protein, and fiber intake also negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, emphasizing the importance of overall nutritional balance.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    ≥ 5 mg α-TE/day
  • Vitamin A→Reduced Depression Symptoms

    Energy, protein, and fiber intake also negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, emphasizing the importance of overall nutritional balance.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    ≥ 5 mg α-TE/day
  • Vitamin C→Reduced Anxiety

    Interestingly, Vitamin C intake was positively associated with anxiety symptoms, suggesting complex diet -mental health interactions.

    Effect
    Harmful
    Effect size
    Small
  • Vitamin C→Reduced Depression Symptoms

    Energy, protein, and fiber intake also negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, emphasizing the importance of overall nutritional balance.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    ≥ 5 mg α-TE/day
  • Vitamin D→Reduced Depression Symptoms

    Energy, protein, and fiber intake also negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, emphasizing the importance of overall nutritional balance.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    ≥ 5 mg α-TE/day
  • Vitamin E→Reduced Depression Symptoms

    Energy, protein, and fiber intake also negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, emphasizing the importance of overall nutritional balance.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    ≥ 5 mg α-TE/day
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