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Association of Dietary Vitamin K1 Intake With the Incidence of Cataract Surgery in an Adult Mediterranean Population: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

  • 2017-06-01
  • JAMA ophthalmology 135(6)
    • María L Camacho-Barcia
    • Mònica Bulló
    • Jesús F Garcia-Gavilán
    • Miguel Ruiz-Canela
    • Dolores Corella
    • Ramón Estruch
    • Montserrat Fitó
    • Alfredo García-Layana
    • Fernando Arós
    • Miquel Fiol
    • José Lapetra
    • Lluis Serra-Majem
    • Xavier Pintó
    • Ana García-Arellano
    • Ernest Vinyoles
    • José Vicente Sorli
    • Jordi Salas-Salvadó

Study Design

Type
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Sample size
n = 5,860
Population
5860 community-dwelling men (44.2%) and women (55.8%), mean (SD) age 66.3 (6.1) years, from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea Study
Methods
Prospective analysis within a randomized clinical trial; dietary vitamin K1 intake evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire; Cox proportional hazards model
Duration
median of 5.6 years follow-up
  • Large Human Trial

Importance

Cataract, one of the most frequent causes of blindness in developed countries, is strongly associated with aging. The exact mechanisms underlying cataract formation are still unclear, but growing evidence suggests a potential role of inflammatory and oxidative processes. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factors of the diet, such as vitamin K1, could play a protective role.

Objective

To examine the association between dietary vitamin K1 intake and the risk of incident cataracts in an elderly Mediterranean population.

Design, setting, and participants

A prospective analysis was conducted in 5860 participants from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea Study, a randomized clinical trial executed between 2003 and 2011. Participants were community-dwelling men (44.2%) and women (55.8%), and the mean (SD) age was 66.3 (6.1) years.

Main outcomes and measures

Dietary vitamin K1 intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The time to the cataract event was calculated as the time between recruitment and the date of the occurrence to cataract surgery, the time to the last visit of the follow-up, date of death, or the end of the study. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for cataract incidence were estimated with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Participants were community-dwelling men (44.2%; n = 868) and women (55.8%; n = 1086), and the mean (SD) age was 66.3 (6.1) years. After a median of 5.6 years follow-up, we documented a total of 768 new cataracts. Participants in the highest tertile of dietary vitamin K1 intake had a lower risk of cataracts than those in the lowest tertile (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.88; P = .002), after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions and relevance

High intake of dietary vitamin K1 was associated with a reduced risk of cataracts in an elderly Mediterranean population even after adjusting by other potential confounders.

Trial registration

isrctn.org: ISRCTN35739639.

Research Insights

  • Vitamin K1→Reduced Cataract Incidence

    Participants in the highest tertile of dietary vitamin K1 intake had a lower risk of cataracts than those in the lowest tertile (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.88; P = .002), after adjusting for potential confounders.

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Moderate
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