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Brown and golden flaxseed reduce intestinal permeability and endotoxemia, and improve the lipid profile in perimenopausal overweight women.

  • 2022-03-20
  • International journal of food sciences and nutrition 73(6)
    • Cíntia Tomaz Sant'Ana
    • Ariane Dias de Amorim
    • Ana Paula Gava
    • Carla Mora Aguilar
    • Nayana Garcia Silva
    • Líllian Duarte Machado
    • Mirelle Lomar Viana
    • Daniela da Silva Oliveira
    • Pollyanna Ibrahim Silva
    • Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
    • André Gustavo Vasconcelos Costa

Study Design

Type
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Population
30 perimenopausal overweight women
Methods
Participants divided into control (CG), brown flaxseed (BF), and golden flaxseed (GF) groups; BF and GF received 40 g of brown and golden flaxseed for 12 weeks; venous blood samples collected at beginning and end; intestinal permeability analysis by urinary excretion of lactulose and mannitol
Blinding
Open-label
Duration
12 weeks
Funding
Unclear
The effect of brown and golden flaxseeds on lipid profile, oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, and fasting glycaemia of perimenopausal overweight women was investigated in this clinical trial. Thirty participants were divided into control (CG), brown flaxseed (BF), and golden flaxseed (GF) groups. BF and GF received 40 g of brown and golden flaxseed for 12 weeks. Venous blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end. Intestinal permeability analysis was performed by urinary excretion of lactulose and mannitol. There was significant reduction in intestinal permeability in flaxseed groups, with delta of lactulose/mannitol ratio smaller (p ≤ 0.05). LPS levels were reduced in the flaxseed groups, whereas low-density lipoproteins (LDL) was decreased in the GF group (p ≤ 0.05). Flaxseed consumption did not change oxidative stress markers and glycaemia. Flaxseed consumption, especially golden flaxseed, reduced intestinal permeability and improved the lipid profile, showing positive effects on metabolic changes caused by menopausal transition.HIGHLIGHTSBrown and golden flaxseeds show a high content of insoluble fibre and alpha-linolenic acid, and brown flaxseed presented higher antioxidant activity.Golden flaxseed improved the lipid profile.Brown and golden flaxseeds reduced intestinal permeability and endotoxemia.Brown and golden flaxseed can be a promising alternative for the prevention of metabolic changes caused by menopausal transition, and for the improvement of the intestinal health.

Research Insights

  • Flax→Reduced Fasting Blood Glucose

    Flaxseed consumption did not change oxidative stress markers and glycaemia.

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    40 g/day for 12 weeks
  • Flax→Reduced Intestinal Permeability

    There was significant reduction in intestinal permeability in flaxseed groups, with delta of lactulose/mannitol ratio smaller (p ≤ 0.05).

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    40 g/day for 12 weeks
  • Flax→Reduced Low-Density Lipoprotein Level

    low-density lipoproteins (LDL) was decreased in the GF group (p ≤ 0.05)

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    40 g/day for 12 weeks
  • Flax→Reduced Metabolic Endotoxemia

    LPS levels were reduced in the flaxseed groups

    Effect
    Beneficial
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    40 g/day for 12 weeks
  • Flax→Reduced Oxidative Stress

    Flaxseed consumption did not change oxidative stress markers and glycaemia.

    Effect
    Neutral
    Effect size
    Small
    Dose
    40 g/day for 12 weeks
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