Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on immune response to influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.
- 2015-06
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 101(6)
- L. Jespersen
- I. Tarnow
- D. Eskesen
- Cathrine M Morberg
- B. Michelsen
- S. Bügel
- L. Dragsted
- G. Rijkers
- P. Calder
- PubMed: 25926507
- DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103531
Abstract
Background: Probiotics can modulate the immune system in healthy individuals and may help reduce symptoms related to respiratory infections.
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 (Chr. Hansen A/S) (hereafter, L. casei 431) on immune response to influenza vaccination and respiratory symptoms in healthy adults.
Design: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1104 healthy subjects aged 18-60 y at 2 centers in Germany and Denmark. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an acidified milk drink containing ≥10(9) colony-forming units of L. casei 431 (n = 553) or placebo (n = 551) for 42 d. After 21 d, subjects received the seasonal influenza vaccination. The primary outcome was seroprotection rate (anti-influenza antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition) 21 d after vaccination. Other outcomes were seroconversion rate and mean titers, influenza A-specific antibodies and incidence, and duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms. Antibiotic use and use of health care resources were recorded.
Results: There was no effect of L. casei 431 on immune responses to influenza vaccination. Generalized linear mixed modeling showed a shorter duration of upper respiratory symptoms in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 6.4 ± 6.1 vs. 7.3 ± 9.7 d, P = 0.0059) in the last 3 wk of the intervention period. No statistically significant differences were found for incidence or severity.
Conclusions: Daily consumption of L. casei 431 resulted in no observable effect on the components of the immune response to influenza vaccination but reduced the duration of upper respiratory symptoms. The trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN08280229.
Keywords: L. casei 431; Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei; immune function; probiotics; upper respiratory tract infection; vaccination response.
Research Insights
Supplement | Health Outcome | Effect Type | Effect Size |
---|---|---|---|
Lacticaseibacillus casei | Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lacticaseibacillus casei | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lacticaseibacillus casei R0215 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37 | Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei HA-108 | Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei HA-108 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei Lc-11 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei LC03 | Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei LC03 | Increased Incidence of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei LC03 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei PXN 37 | Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei PXN 37 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei R0215 | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei R0215 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei SD-5213 | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei SD-5213 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei SD-5842 | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei SD-5842 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei | Reduced Duration of Common Cold Symptoms | Beneficial | Moderate |
Lactobacillus casei UALc-03 | Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus casei UALc-03 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus casei VK4 | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus genseni | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei 431 | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei 431 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 | Improved Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei LPC09 | No Effect on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination | Neutral | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei LPC09 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei UALpc-04 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei UALpc-04 | Reduced Duration of Upper Respiratory Symptoms | Beneficial | Small |
Lactobacillus paracasei VPro 224 | Reduced Duration of Common Cold Symptoms | Beneficial | Moderate |